Вивчення асоційованого перебігу метапневмовірусної інфекції у сільськогосподарської птиці

Abstract

У статті наведені дані епізоотологічного моніторингу, який був проведен у індиків кросу «Біг-6» віком 170 діб та курчат яєчного напрямку кросу «Хайсек білий» 7-денного віку у двох приватних господарствах Харківської області, при якому було встановлено асоціативний перебіг метапневмовірусної інфекції з патогенною бактеріальною мікрофлорою (Е. coli та стафілокок). Наявність метапневмовірусу у хворих індиків було підтверджено серологічними дослідами - імуноферментним аналізом (ІФА) та індикацію його РНК-геному у патологічному матеріалі курчат за допомогою полімеразної ланцюгової реакції (ПЛР).

В статье приведены данные эпизоотологического мониторинга, который был проведен у индюков кросса «Биг-б» в возрасте 170 суток и цыплят яичного направления кросса «Хайсек белый» 7-дневного возраста в двух частных хозяйствах Харьковской области, при котором было установлено ассоциативный ход метапневмовирусной инфекции с патогенной бактериальной микрофлорой (Е. соli и стафилококк). Наличие метапневмовируса у больных индеек было подтверждено серологическими исследованиями - иммуноферментным анализом (ИФА) и индикацией его РНК-генома в патологическом материале цыплят с помощью полимеразной цепной реакции (ПЦР).

The economic reforms in Ukraine have not passed by the poultry breeding on the personal plots and farms, where nowadays more than 80% of the poultry production is manufactured. The high concentration level of the bird population results in microbial contamination raising both in manufacture premises and in the territory around them, extends the potential hazard as to lots of infections due to opportunistic microflora. The potential conditions for the development simultaneously the bacterial and viral diseases evolve from this, besides the sensitivity dynamics on age, clinical signs and character as to pathologic -morphologic changes can vary. According to the data of the scientific publications, newly the particular thread for poultry pose the reoviral and metapneumovirus infections, mycoplasmosis, and colibacteriosis both singly and іп association. The behavior of the latter is often observed as a secondary infection, resulting in the complications of diseases symptoms. In the locations of Kharkiv region on the private poultry-farms during the clinical examination of poultry the sick birds were detected. In the turkey cross “Big 6” of 170 days age, we detected depression, drowse, head edema, intermaxillary area and suborbital sinuses, heavy breathing and running mucilage from the beak. Autopsy of dead birds stated fibrin gathering on the trachea mucous lining, enlarged liver, spleen and kidney mass, their hyperemia and flabbiness. Besides, it stated bilateral pneumonia with presence of fibrin and hemorrhagic enteritis. Analogical changes were detected in chicks of 6-7 days age cross “White Highsex”, which were brought to the private farm from Hungary. During bacteriological study E.coli (cep. O78) and staphylococcus were isolated from chicks. 25 samples of the turkey blood serum were studied with ELISA method and 100% of positive reaction as to metapneumovirus infection with antibodies titre from 3000 and more were detected. The sensitivity of isolated cultures was studied with the use of commercial paper discs sodden with medical preparations. 14 discs were used (gentamicin, oxytetracycline, floron, ftorfenikol, colistin, enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, tiamulin, tilmikozin, tylosin, lincomycin, doxycycline, amoxicillin). It was stated, that isolated cultures were little sensitive to phlorone (lysis zone 15 mm), and not sensitive to other preparations. For conducting virology research, 9-days chick embryos were infected with the suspension of chick organs (liver, lungs, heart, kidneys). Embryos were free from specific antibodies to viral infections on standard methods CAM, where after 7-days incubation with PCR the RNA genome of metapneumovirus was indicated. For MPV isolation 2 passages on the 7-days quail embryos were conducted. During the reproduction of the virus, we studied alterations in the embryos and on the CAM. It was stated hyperemia of the embryos’ bodies, hemorrhagia occipitalis, heart hyperemia, liver mass increasing and paling, injection of blood vessels CAM. For the study of biological properties of the isolate the fibrobasts of the quail 7-days embryos were used. The infectious titre of the virus was 2,5 Ig EID во/сіті. Therefore, based on conducted epizootic monitoring we are able to make preliminary finding: in the private poultry farms of different districts of Kharkiv region, there is metapneumoviral incidence in association with coli infection and coccal flora in turkeys and chicks. This is an evidence of the antibodies presence as to the metapneumovirus infection in the diagnostic titres, its isolation from the sick poultry and virus genome indication with the PCR method.