Основи технології отримання колагену з рибної колагеновмісної сировини

Abstract

Наведено дані про використання рибної колагеновмісної сировини і продуктів її гідролізу в харчовій промисловості. Розроблено технологічну схему отримання гідролізату колагену. Визначено маси білкових складових гідролізату. Вивчено якісний та амінокислотний склад отриманого колагену.

Current technological processing of fish products is accompanied by the formation of large quantities of waste, which contain a high concentration of protein (bones, fins, skin, scales, entrails, etc.) which make from 30 to 70 % by weight of the source raw material. Fish waste is a source of collagen and its hydrolysis products that could be of widespread use in the food industry due to the fact that the use of animal collagen becomes dangerous. Furthermore, the fish collagen is hypoallergenic (as it is 96 % identical to the human protein). In this regard, developing of science-based technology of processing of collagen containing fish raw materials is important and essential. The purpose of the research is to develop technology of easily digestible collagen from collagen containing raw materials. Collagen preparation was obtained from collagen containing fish raw materials by alkaline treatment according to the method described in the patent of Ukraine for useful model № 79357. Electrophoresis showed that collagen preparation contains many molecules of medium and low molecular weight that suggests that obtaied collagen preparation is easily digestible. Determination of the molecular weight of protein subcomponents of collagen preparation showed that it contains both high-protein components (1.2…1.3) % and low molecular weight fractions (40.0…42.0) % of the total amount. Medium molecular weight fractions account for (56.7…58.8) % of the total. The amino acid composition of collagen preparation is characterized by a high content of glycine (33.5 g/100 g), proline (11.82 g/100 g) and hydroxyproline (9.21 g/100 g) that indicates obtaining collagen hydrolyzate. Low methionine and tryptophan content in hydrolyzate presupposes a high degree of purification of raw ballast protein fractions of collagen containing fish raw materials. Therefore, the results of alkaline hydrolysis of collagen containing fish raw materials show that obtaining of collagen preparation is efficient during alkaline hydrolysis.