Субкритична вода як екстрагент у процесах екстрагування біологічно активних речовин із рослинної сировини

Abstract

Проаналізовано властивості субкритичної води і характер її впливу на цільові компоненти і БАР, що екстрагуються з рослинної сировини. Показано, що використання субкритичної води в процесах екстрагування є найбільш обґрунтованим , що дозволить істотно підвищити ефективність самого процесу і забезпечить високі споживчі властивості одержаних продуктів.

The analysis of properties of subcritical water (SCW ) and nature of its influence on the target components and biologically active agents extracted from vegetable raw materials is made. The mechanism of influence of a deviation of change of temperature and pressure near a critical point upon changes of dielectric permeability, viscosity, thermal capacity, coefficient of diffusion and density of water is described. It is shown that water in these conditions behaves like polar organic solvent, and the main advantages of SCW as solvent: a combination of properties of gases with high pressures (low viscosity, high coefficient of diffusion) and liquids (the high dissolving ability); the combination of a negligible interphase tension to low viscosity and high coefficient of diffusion allowing hard currency to get on porous medium more easily in comparison with liquids; high sensitivity of the dissolving ability of SCW to change of pressure or temperature; simplicity of division of SCW and the substances dissolved in them when dumping pressure, are connected with its microstructure and features of the processes happening at the molecular level. Dependence of the dissolving ability of SCW on state parameters in many respects is caused by special character and dynamics of hydrogen communications. It is shown that use of SCW in processes of extraction is the most reasonable, will allow to increase significantly efficiency of process and will provide high consumer qualities of the taken products.