Напрями реформування галузі рибного господарства України

Abstract

Проведено оцінку загального стану, визначено варіанти політики реформування, переваги і вади, очікувані результати, конкретні заходи, які необхідно здійснити для сталого розвитку галузі рибного господарства України. Метою реформування галузі повинно бути забезпечення продовольчої безпеки держави за умови сталого розвитку рибного господарства шляхом законодавчих, фінансових, інституційних перетворень та проведення стратегічних заходів для розвитку реального сектора економіки, соціальної та екологічної стабілізації.

For the last decades in domestic fishery we can observe deep structural deformation, lag from world rates of dynamic development, reduction of fish production indicators of the predicted level of quality and level of its consumption by the population of Ukraine, with an excessive share in domestic market of the imported fish and fish production. At the same time one of the main indicators of a country’s food security rate - average per capita consumption of fish - decreased from 20 kg/year (1991) to 9,5 kg/year (2014). Imported fish production is potentially dangerous in the absence of effective professional state control. The aim of the article consists in systematization of analytical and practical results of researches and definition of the strategic reforming directions of fishery industry in Ukraine. It is defined that ensuring food security of the state on condition of a sustainable development of fishery industry by legislative, financial and institutional transformations and introduction of a number of strategic actions for development of real sector of economy, social and ecological stabilization have to be the main strategic objectives of reforming in fishery industry. The main directions of Ukrainian fishing industry reforming are: - modernization of public administration system and restructuring of government bodies of executive power in the field of fishery; – accumulation of Ukrainian aqua-cultural capacity and its realization; – fight the strengthening of illegal, not accountable and unregulated fishery; – study and introduction of experience of the European Community countries in Ukraine in questions regarding recreational fishery and the sphere of fishing tourism; – realization and development of the sea and oceanic fishery direction with the involvement of the investor; – attraction of financial and technical assistance and leading international experts for studying and assessment of the conditions of sea and fresh-water fish species for the increase of accuracy and representativeness of the results of research concerning fish population; – legislative initiatives which will give incentives for the development and accumulation of fishery capacity in Ukraine based on the responsibility, – industrialization and efficiency of the use of natural resources. The following indicators of successful realization of reforms can be proposed: – the level of general production of fish; – the share of the domestic fish market production and the level of average consumption; – stock rate of water bio-resources of fishery reservoirs; – ecological and biological indicators of the state of fishery reservoirs according to the requirements of WFD 60/2000/EU and increase in a fish productivity; – the increase in the level of employees’ salaries of the sector and increase in the number of workplaces.