Sustainability of the use of agricultural machinery and its on the environment

Abstract

The main types of negative impact of technology on the natural environment are gaseous, solid and liquid emissions, heat emissions, resource depletion. As a result of repeated movement of machines across the field, there is a significant over compaction of the soil, which spreads to a great depth (up to 100 cm), and machine tracks cover up to 80.0% of the field. Soil density increases by 20.0-40.0% under the influence of heavy machinery. Exhaust gases are the main source of toxic emissions. They are a mixture of gaseous products of complete and incomplete combustion of fuel, excess air and various trace impurities. Diesel engines are extremely toxic due to their high content of 𝑁𝑂𝑥, benzene, aldehydes and soot, although they have significantly lower 𝐶𝑂 and 𝐶𝐻 emissions compared to gasoline engines. Carbon monoxide (𝐶𝑂) is the leader among harmful substances in terms of absolute emissions. Its figure is 10.3 million tons per year. Nitrogen dioxide (𝑁𝑂2) is on the second place with 1.8 million tons per year. Hydrocarbons (𝐶𝐻) are on the third place with 1.5 million tons per year. The priority belongs to 𝑁𝑂2, lead (𝑃𝑏), sulfur dioxide (𝑆𝑂2) and soot particles in terms of environmental hazard. It is necessary to ensure the reduction of emissions of these substances in the first place. Emissions of 𝑆𝑂2, 𝐶𝑂 and benzopyrene play a significant role in air pollution. At first it is necessary to ensure the reduction of emissions of these substances.