Enhancing competitiveness as a key factor in improving living standards

Abstract

Since the beginning of recorded history, humans have improved their conditions by – among other factors – modifying their surrounding environment and making the most of scarce resources. Technical progress occurred first with the agricultural revolution and with the industrial revolution later, eased food and energy constraints and allowed humans to prosper. However, continuous industrial expansion and population growth have put tremendous pressure on the environment and an excessive environmental footprint. If not addressed, environmental degradation may hinder further economic progress, compromise the prosperity built over centuries, and threaten life across the planet.