Ключові компетенції як категорія стратегічного управління підприємствами

Abstract

Обґрунтовано необхідність вивчення суті поняття «ключові компетенції», що пов’язано зі стратегічними аспектами управління підприємствами. Виявлено, що використання термінів «компетенції» та «здатності» як синонімів «ключових компетенцій», що рівнозначно визначають цю категорію і результат ефективного функціонування підприємства, є суперечливим Систематизовано основні ознаки поняття «ключові компетенції», що можливо використовувати як внутрішні критерії їх ідентифікації в структурі потенціалу підприємства.

The necessity of careful study of the essence of the concept "key competencies", which is linked with the strategic aspects of enterprise management, is grounded. The problematics of question about the use of different terms in scientific literature – synonyms of key competencies that equally define the given element and the result of effective functioning of the organization as a complex socio-economic system is detected. Concepts: competence, skills, capabiliti es, strategic skills, organizational knowledge, intangible assets are submitted. The lack of skills of work with competencies and the use in real enterprise management is conditioned by the complexity of the secession of key competencies from the company's products, systemization of their kinds and also correct recognition of the key and non-key. For the purpose of the secession of distinctive features of concepts "competence" and "key competencies", the total that unites them is noted in the article – is the unity of nature, objects and place in the general structure of potential. At the same time, each concept has its own sphere of application and specificity caused by the subject of management and its functional destination. The results of the comparative analysis of conceptual approaches to the content of the studied concept allowed making the conclusion that key competencies of the enterprise – a dynamic business tool, an integral part of its strategic resources that reflect the integral result of the interaction of interrelated elements (individual technologies and skills), which ensure the achievement of sustainable competitive level and uniqueness of enterprises in certain competitive environment taking into account peculiarities of its strategy, management style and corporate culture. Key abilities of the personnel form the basis of key competencies of the enterprise. It is indicated that affecting all areas of enterprise activity, key competencies are an independent management object that provides their formation, development, promotion and control in order to achieve the long term development of the enterprise. The management of key competencies is based on the relevant principles: information security of staff, systematics, responsiveness, development, adaptability, concentration on the client, dynamism etc. The basic number of signs that can be used as internal criteria for their identification in the structure of the enterprise potential is given.