Ефективність способів дослідження проб ґрунту на наявність збудників кокцидіозів

Abstract

В роботі наведені дані щодо порівняльної ефективності загальновідомих (Романенко-Гуджабідзе, Долбіна і ін.) методів, а також удосконаленого способу дослідження ґрунту на наявність ооцист кокцидій. Встановлено, що найбільш ефективним за кількістю позитивних проб, загальної кількості виявлених ооцист і їх кількістю в перерахунку на 1 кг ґрунту виявився запропонований спосіб.

One of the factors of transmission of parasitic diseases, including coccidioses of animals is objects of the environment contaminated by invasive elements. It is well known that the greatest intensity of coccidia oocysts contamination is characteristic of the soil - of the place where the exogenous stage of the pathogen development - invasive sporulated oocysts occurs. In this regard, an important issue for scientists and practitioners is the question of studying the actual soil contamination by invasive elements, since it allows predicting the epizootic well-being of herd animals and developing appropriate therapeutic and preventive measures. Thus, the aim of the work was to establish the effectiveness of soil examination methods for the presence of oocysts of eimeries. The paper presents data concerning comparative effectiveness of well-known methods - Romanenko (1968) and Hudzhabidze (1969), Dolbin et al. (2012), as well as an improved method for examining the soil for the presence of coccidia oocysts. The improvement of the new method was carried out by making changes in the indicators: the mass of the studied soil, the time of sedimentation with alkali, centrifugation modes. Also, the composition of the flotation liquid was modified, in which two-component solution (a flotation solution based on inorganic salt in combination with alkali) was used. Romanenko (1968) and Hudzhabidze (1969) used a prototype method. It has been established that the proposed method turned out to be the most effective in relation to the indicators of the number of positive samples, the total number of detected oocysts and their conversion to 1 kg of soil. So the improved method has a higher efficiency compared with the methods of Dolbin and Romanenko-Hudzhabidze according to the following indicators: the number of positive samples by 5 and 20 %; the number of detected oocysts in the studied samples was 26.21 and 53.45 %; the average number of detected oocysts per 1 kg of soil was 22.33 and 41.81 % (p <0.01), respectively. At the same time, the method turned out to be more effective than the techniques of Dolbin and Romanenko-Hudzhabidze in terms of the minimum indicators of the identified invasive elements by 60 and 86.67 %, and maximum - by 21.6 and 28.0 %, respectively.