Тенденції розвитку сучасного сільськогосподарського землекористування

Abstract

Ярута М.Ю. Тенденції розвитку сучасного сільськогосподарського землекористування. В статті розглянуто проблеми регулювання земельних відносин у сучасних умовах. Вивчено стан земельно-орендних відносин та їх ефективність в аграрних господарствах. Проаналізовано структуру земельного банку України, рівень отриманих доходів та понесених витрат на виплату орендної плати за земельні частки (паї).

Ярута М.Ю. Тенденции развития современного сельскохозяйственного землепользования. В статье рассмотрены проблемы регулирования земельных отношений в современных условиях. Изучено состояние земельно-арендных отношений и их эффективность в аграрных хозяйствах. Проанализирована структура земельного банка Украины, уровень полученных доходов и понесенных расходов на выплату арендной платы за земельные доли (паи).

Yaruta M.Yu. Trends in the development of modern agricultural land use. The problems of land relations regulation under modern conditions are examined in the article. It was established that the land reform was the driving force for the increasing of the land use level as well as for a significant increase in the production volumes. The demonopolization of state land created a large number of landowners and provided an opportunity to increase the number of land users. Демонополізація державних земель створила велику кількість землевласників та надала можливість для нарощення кількості землекористувачів. It was clarified that the land relations at the period of structural changes in land ownership require an adequate level of reformation for the formation and functioning of all parts of the land market (lease, mortgage, purchase, sale, donation, inheritance, etc.). The state of land-lease relations and their efficiency in agrarian farms were studied. Reformation of the relations of land ownership gave two diametrically opposite, but equally disastrous for the rural area and the country in the whole models of management: 1) latifundian-oligarchic; 2) a parcel model of personal peasant farms. On the 1st of January 2018 most treaties (2.3 million) were concluded for a period of 8-10 years. According to the statistics, 1.7 million hectares are in the ownership; 1.1 million hectares are leased; 520 thousand hectares under the permanent use rights; and 280 thousand hectares are under the emphyteusis. Today, the average indicator for Ukraine in the amount of rent is about 5% of the normative monetary valuation of agricultural land, which is within the limits of 15 thousand UAH per hectare. The achievement of high level of rent is usually observed where the soil is better and more fertile. The increase of this indicator, in the comparison with the previous year, is 27%, which testifies to the fact that in the agrarian sector there is a competition between the tenants for the right to conclude lease agreements. The structure of the land bank of Ukraine, the level of income received and the costs incurred for rent payment for land shares have been analyzed. It has been proved that the structure of agricultural lands has undergone a significant transformation and reflects the vector directed to the increasing of land reclamation level and the loading on the soil cover and it shows a positive dynamics in the growing area of arable land. Unfortunately, for the large-scale agribusiness the costs for the rent payment on average are only within 22% of the gained profit. In addition, the negative effect is that the export-oriented agribusiness revenues increase in the proportion to the increase of the US dollar rate, while the rent payments remain in UAH. Today the fair agrarian market must give a place to every enterprise regardless of the scale of its production.