Ключові макроекономічні тенденції сучасного розвитку внутрішньої торгівлі України

Abstract

Розглянуто загальні тенденції, характерні для сучасного розвитку внутрішньої торгівлі України, розкрито сутнісний зміст і спрямованість, виявлено екзогенні та ендогенні чинники впливу на їх розвиток. Доведено, що ключовими на сучасному етапі є тенденції переходу торгівлі від якісного зростання до переважно інтенсивного типу розвитку, секторної реструктуризації торговельного підприємництва, десоціалізації торгівлі, посилення інноваційної активності та її інтернаціоналізації під впливом екзогенних чинників. Виявлено соціально-економічні наслідки розвитку зазначених тенденцій в організаційній, економічній, функціональній та соціальній структурі торгівлі.

The article examines the general tendencies characteristic for the modern development of Ukraine's domestic trade, reveals the essential content and orientation, reveals exogenous and endogenous factors influencing their development. It is proved that the key trends at the present stage are: the tendency of transition of trade from qualitative growth to mainly intensive type of development, the tendency of sectoral restructuring of trade enterprise, the tendency of trade desociation, increase of innovative activity and tendency of its internationalization under the influence of exogenous factors. The socio-economic consequences of the development of these tendencies in the organizational, economic, functional and social structure of trade are revealed. The results of the study give grounds to claim that domestic trade has entered the trajectory of intensive development. Such a transition requires largescale innovative solutions to ensure competitive advantages, maintain a balance of resources and advance the development of trade, consistent economic, organizational, technological and social development of all subsystems of trade on the basis of effective trade policy. The organizational structure revealed that at the present stage, the tendency of sectoral restructuring, which occurs in small, medium and large commercial enterprises, is most pronounced, and such restructuring is reduced mainly to the reduction of small business. As a result, there is a decrease in the level of public availability of shopping facilities and shopping areas of shops and a complication of physical access of consumers to trading services; negative social consequences, first of all, reduction of the number of employed people and activation of labor migration to foreign countries. The article thoroughly explores the new tendency for the internationalization of its objects, the essence of which is the interpenetration of international factors into all forms of domestic trade, mechanisms, methods, technologies, organizational forms. Interpenetration through exchange is definitely a positive phenomenon, as it contributes to progress, enhances the competitiveness of trade entities, and increases the efficiency of their operations, and not only the core but also the everexpanding services. However, it is proved that parity and balance of relations between countries in the process of internationalization is possible only at the same levels of development not only of trade but also of the whole economy of countries in the process of cooperation. With the high contrast of the economic development of countries, internationalization is reduced to an increase in imports of goods and expansion of foreign trade capital to weak countries.