Вплив різних умов мікроклімату на продуктивні показники та збереженість свиней

Abstract

В статті розглядається вплив мікроклімату на продуктивні показники, резистентність та збереженість свиней. Показово, що поросята, які утримуються у некомфортних умовах вирощування, відстають у розвитку за живою вагою на 16,5% (р≤ 0,05), середньодобовими приростами – на 27,3%, серед них реєструється на 9,4% більше мінус-варіантів, а збереженість не перевищує 80,6%. Низькі температури повітря мають інгібуючу дію на становлення клітинних і гуморальних факторів неспецифічної природної резистентності організму.

The aim of the work was to clarify the changes of non-specific natural resistance, indicators of biochemical composition of blood, the intensity of growth of piglets grown in different microclimates. It was designed two boxes for growing in every 300 piglets (from birth to 60 days of age) for research. Piglets of the control group were kept on electrically heated floors, experimental –with heated electric heaters with supply of fresh air to each box at the rate of 35-40 m 3/h/с live weight. The state of the microclimate was assessed by physical parameters, chemical composition and total bacterial contamination of the air. Criteria for the evaluation of health status of piglets was morphological and biochemical indicators of blood. Bactericidal activity of blood serum (BASB) was determined according to O.V. Smirnova, T. A. Kuzmina, 1966, lysozyme activity blood serum (LASB) – by V.G. Dorofeichuk, 1968; cellular factors of protection –by S. I. Plyashchenko, 1973. To test of general resistance of piglets were taken – live weight, morbidity and safety, which were controlled by weighing and daily accounting. The study analyzes the live weight and the average daily growth, morbidity, safety of pigs in - 15, - 30, - 60 days of age. The content of piglets in comfortable and uncomfortable conditions of the microclimate revealed a decreased rod neutrophils and increased lymphocytes, a decrease in the ratio of lymphocytes to neutrophils. Animals grown in uncomfortable conditions (experimental), a decrease in total protein by 3,64 %, albumins – by 6,44 %, and globulins – 51,05 % (15-day age), 56,37 % (30-day), 63,5 % - (60-day) was established. Studies have shown that piglets from the control of the enzyme activity of blood (ALAT) superior to 60 - day-old analogues from the experience of 5,1 %, ASAT – 7,4 % (p≤0,05). The level of total glutathione in the control was 24,2 g/% (15 -days) and 18,7 % (60-days aged), or respectively lower by 12,6 % and 4,5 % compared to the experience (p≤0,05), which caused a decrease in the immune and antioxidant capacity of piglets caused by the high content harmful gases and microflora in the air of the experimental box.