Властивості сироватки крові імунізованих перепелів

Abstract

Робота присвячена вивченню гуморальних факторів імунітету перепелів у відповідь на гіперімунізацію двома видами бактерій – Escherichia coli та Staphylococcus aureus. Птицю імунізували чотирикратно з інтервалами 7 діб і досліджували неспецифічні фактори (бактерицидну активність плазми крові) та специфічні (синтез антитіл). Плазма неімунної птиці не викликала руйнування бактерій, в той час як плазма імунізованих перепелів викликала повний лізис стафілококів і частковий кишкової палички. Кількість антитіл в пластинчастій реакції аглютинації в ході імунної відповіді збільшилася у 32-64 рази. Отримані результати свідчать про формування інтенсивної імунної відповіді на використані бактеріальні антигени у перепелів.

Our work is devoted to the study of the immune response of the quail to two strains of antigens. We used gram-negative Escherichia coli and gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus. The choice of these types of pathogens is dictated by several reasons. Pathogenic strains of these microorganisms often cause poultry diseases, they are widespread in the environment, are representatives of the normal microflora of animals, belong to two different microorganism groups according to the Gram staining. The state of the immune system (immune status) changes under the influence of many factors, including during immunization. There are various methods for the study of humoral factors of immunity. When studying non-specific immunity factors, they use the method of determining the bactericidal activity of blood plasma. The main specific humoral factor is antibodies of various classes. There are methods to detect and determin the amount of antibodies in plasma or serum. These are agglutination, precipitation, neutralization and other serological reactions. The detection of antibodies is the most informative method of assessing immunity. Therefore, serological reactions are widely used to assess the quality of the immune response to vaccines. The objective of the study was to carry out hyperimmunization of quail with two types of bacteria (E. coli and S. aureus) and to study the nature of changes in humoral immunity factors. A suspension of inactivated bacteria was administered intramuscularly four times with an interval of 7 days. To study the immune response, we used the agglutination reaction on glass, which allowed us to identify antibodies and determine their titer. The second indicator is the change in the bactericidal properties of blood plasma as a result of immunization of quail. Most often, the agglutination reaction on glass is used only to detect antibodies. According to the results of our studies, this reaction also allows you to determine the amount of immunoglobulins. The number of antibodies in non-immune birds did not exceed 3log2. After hyperimmunization, the number of antibodies increased. In reaction with Escherichia coli, antibody titers reached to 8 log2, and with staphylococcus - 9 log2. Studies of the bactericidal activity of quail blood plasma gave similar results. We incubated the studied blood plasma and culture of microorganisms at a temperature of + 37° C, and then the mixture was ulated on solid nutrient media. The result was taken into account by the presence of bacterial growth on the agar surface. The blood plasma of a non-immune bird did not cause the destruction of bacteria. Blood plasma obtained from an immunized bird completely lysed Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli almost completely. Our results indicate a intensive immune response of the quail organism to bacterial antigens.