Вплив занять верховою їздою на електричну активність головного мозку людини та коня

Abstract

В представленій роботі методом електроенцефалографії оцінювалась сумарна синаптична активність головного мозку людей та коней до та після занять верховою їздою. Аналіз енцефалограм 5-ти спортивних пар «вершник-кінь» показав, що заняття верховою їздою чинять на людей заспокійливий вплив, який супроводжується підвищенням індексу δ-ритму та зниженням β-ритму, в той час, як у коней після верхової роботи індекс δ-ритму знижується, а інші – підвищуються. При роботі на корді без вершника ці зміни у коней виражені більш суттєво.

The research objective was the study of the electrical brain activity features of a person and a horse under the influence of horse riding. For this purpose, the method of electroencephalography using the device «Neurocom KhAI-medica» has been applied. The experiment has involved 5 sports pairs "rider-horse", which have trained on the basis of the Dergachi child and youth horse racing school. The age of people was 18 – 24 years, horses – 4 – 16 years. All horses belonged to the Ukrainian riding breed. Riding lessons have been held for 40 minutes in the same way (warm-up 10 minutes, main work 20 minutes and step work 10 minutes). Separately, the brain activity of horses before and after working on a cord without a rider has been recorded. The average data of the percentage ratio of rhythms indices and the asymmetry coefficient of horses and riders brain after horse riding to the indicators before work have been used for the analysis. The results have shown the increasing of δ-rhythm index and decreasing of α-, β- and θ-rhythms indices in people after practicing horse riding. The asymmetry coefficient increases in all rhythms. The δ-rhythm index in horses after training, on the contrary, decreases, and all the other increase significantly. Based on the data obtained, it can be said that in connection with a decrease in the indices of α- and β-rhythms in people, horse riding has a calming effect on them. In horses, a significant increase in these rhythms is recorded due to intense physical activity. If we compare the work of horses with a rider and without him, then in the first case, the asymmetry coefficient increases more, which indicates that a person affects the brain activity of a horse when it poses a variety of tasks. The problem of selecting a pair of «rider-horse» for participation at competitions is becoming more and more actual in connection with the spread of equestrian sports in the world and Ukraine. Evaluation of the electroencephalograms of the "rider-horse" pair allows not only to identify the reaction features of athletes and horses to physical activity, but also to select partners for whom the level of synchronization of brain rhythms would be optimal. Therefore, works in this direction are of scientific and practical interest.