Утилізація відходів природного походження аграрних формувань: проблемний аспект

Abstract

Визначено основні проблеми, пов’язані з поводженням з відходами у сільському господарстві та у тваринництві зокрема. Приведено динаміку та аналіз утворення та утилізації відходів у сільському господарстві. Проаналізовано і з’ясовано, що найбільш небезпечними є відходи галузі тваринництва, які спричиняють забруднення водних ресурсів, повітря та земельних угідь, а також, що тварини є переносниками та поширювачами збудників хвороб та вірусів небезпечних для людей.

Waste from agriculture is one of the main sources of environmental pollution. This issue causes an additional study related to the detailing and characterization of the problems of utilization of natural waste in Ukraine. The subject of the work is the study of problems associated with the formation and utilization of waste at agricultural enterprises, including, the livestock sector, their impact on the natural environment. The purpose of the article is to consider issues related to the utilization of natural wastes in agriculture. During the study, both general scientific methods and specific methods were used. Among them, observation (the collection of facts occurring in reality); Analysis and synthesis (study of the impact on the natural environment of wastes of natural origin in agricultural production); Induction and deduction (the formation of both particular and generalized conclusions); Scientific abstraction (the new scientific concept "utilization of animal wastes" is derived); Functional analysis (the relationship between the generated waste and the costs of their disposal). The study identified the main problems associated with the management of waste in agriculture and livestock in particular. Dynamics and analysis of waste generation and recycling in agriculture are presented. It has been analyzed and found out that the most dangerous are livestock wastes that pollute water resources, air and land, and that animals are vectors and spreaders of pathogens and viruses that are dangerous to humans. Assessment of the formation, removal of animal excrement, urine and manure in specially designated places is given. It is established that about 35 % of livestock waste can be dangerous, both for the environment and for the population of the country. Examples of environmentally friendly production in the livestock sector are given. Static data reveal information on waste incineration, including with the aim of obtaining energy or heat processing. As for livestock wastes, they are not used for these purposes. Therefore, in our opinion, in the statistical information it would be useful to provide additional information on the use of such wastes for the production of biogas or dry (solid) organic fertilizers.