Динаміка та структура прямих іноземних інвестицій в Україні

Abstract

У статті розглянуто особливості формування іноземних інвестицій в Україні. Проаналізовано динаміку прямих іноземних інвестицій (ПІІ) та структуру джерел фінансування. Визначено основні перешкоди іноземних вкладень в розвиток підприємств України. Обґрунтовано важливість приваблення ПІІ для розвитку економіки країни.

The subject of the study is the processes of formation of foreign direct investment in Ukraine. The aim of the work is to highlight the results of the monitoring of the role of foreign direct investment, the identification of the largest investors and their share of investments, analysis of the reasons for investors' unwillingness to invest in the development of Ukrainian enterprises, search for ways to increase the investment attractiveness of the country. The methodological basis is the position of direct foreign investment processes in the development of the Ukrainian economy. The empirical evidence obtained by the author using the expert estimation method revealed that direct investment comes from approximately 130 countries of the world, accounting for 82% of the total direct investment, and belonging to countries such as Cyprus, Germany, the Russian Federation, Austria, the United Kingdom , Virgin Islands, France, Sweden and Switzerland. The results of the study revealed that the financial sector and the processing industry are the most attractive for foreign investors. This suggests that we are dealing mainly with investors in the search for markets or companies that exploit the purchasing power of the local economy and do not produce the expected critical positive effect on its development. Our research revealed that to date, the main negative features of the investment climate in the Ukrainian economy are: 1. Political instability. In the rating of world cooperation, Ukraine belongs to countries with a higher level of political and economic risks. 2. Unstable legal framework for foreign investment. 3. External debt and budget deficit. According to the results of the survey, part of the surveyed investors, in spite of all obstacles, makes a decision in favor of investing in Ukraine, the other part is actively seeking opportunities to set up a business in the country. Despite all the negative factors, Ukraine still remains a potentially interesting country to attract any type of investment. The volume of results. FDI contributes to the growth of entrepreneurial activity by attracting local companies to global production chains.