Діагностика патологій молочної залози високопродуктивних корів ветеринарним ультразвуковим сканером HandScan V8

Abstract

Стаття висвітлює актуальну тему – морфо-фунціональні особливості структури молочної залози лактуючих корів. Буде випробувано у роботі ультразвуковий сканер HandScanV8. Наводиться характеристика знімків як здорових тварин, так і при наявності різних видів маститу.

The article highlights the actual theme –morpho-functional features of the lacteal gland structure of lactation cows. The HandScanV8 ultrasound scanner will be tested. Its high technical capabilities, the presence of a convective multifrequency sensor will give an opportunity to get a clear picture of the lacteal glandof lactation cows and describe the organ change at the structural level. The description of the pictures of both healthy animals and the presence of different types of mastitis is given. With the development of pathology, the density of tissues changes, and uncharacteristic formations may occur. When inflammation of the lacteal gland, or mastitis, there are changes in the parenchyma of the udder, which affects the quality of milk and its quantity. In this connection, it is extremely important to carry out a quick and accurate diagnosis of the diseases of the udder, which will also enable them to predict their further course The group of animals studied included cows with clinically healthy lacteal gland without raising the level of somatic cells in milk samples (n = 10), as well as cows with acute or chronic inflammation in one quarter of the lacteal gland (n = 10). Commonly accepted clinical methods were used to assess the condition of the lacteal gland. Before starting a study using the ultrasound scanner, the skin in the area of the milk mirror and the lateral surface of the membrane on both sides were thoroughly cleaned of contamination. Then the skin of the castle was wetted with water, and a layer of an acoustic gel was applied to the sensor head. The sensor was placed perpendicularly to the skin of the study area of the udder and changed the angle of inclination and the direction of oscillation of the sound beam to obtain the optimal image, which was fixed using the program «freeze». Total 20 cows were examined. Data obtained after processing of echograms showed that the ultrasonographic texture of the parenchyma of the healthy lacteal glandof the lactation cow has a hypoechoic structure. Milk ducts, tanks and blood vessels are recognized as anechoic channels and antra. Milk ducts, unlike blood vessels, do not have expressed echogenic walls and differ in more distorted trajectories. Ultrasonograms of cows with normal morpho-functional status of the lacteal gland are characterized by moderate hypoechogenicity. In the presence of hidden forms of mastitis, we note the dark, hypoechoic regions enlarged in size of the alveoli. In the fibrinous form of the mastitis, flakes and clays of casein, which are secret, undergo ultrasound scan, appear in the lumen of the extended milk ducts in the form of echogenic inclusions up to 1.5 cm in diameter. In cows suffering from catarrhal mastitis, the mucous membrane of the milk tank and milk ducts is affected. This is reflected in the sonographic picture of parenchyma with the appearance of expressed heterogeneity. There is a sharp increase in the lumen of the milk ducts with the simultaneous thickening of their walls. Serous mastitis has evenly expressed hypo- and hyperhericity, with a slight increase in the lumen of the milk ducts.