Вплив обробітку ґрунту на щільність складення ґрунту в умовах Донецького регіону

Abstract

Наведено показники щільності ґрунту за різновидом обробітку ґрунту в різні фази вирощування сільськогосподарських культур. Обґрунтована ефективність застосування мінімального обробітку ґрунту у формуванні оптимальної величини складення будови ґрунту. Результати використано для розробки конструктивних рекомендацій і науково продемонстровано іншим господарствам.

Представлены показатели плотности сложения почвы с разным способом обработки почвы в различные фазы выращивания сельскохозяйственных культур. Обоснована эффективность применения минимальной обработки почвы в формировании оптимальной величины плотности строения почвы. Результаты использованы для разработки конструктивных рекомендаций и научно продемонстрированы другим хозяйствам.

Soil density is an important characteristic that shows the conditions under which plants grow and grow. It affects the technological properties, the quality of soil cultivation. For most crops, the optimal soil structure density values are 1.1 g/cm3 - 1.22 g/cm3 . Optimum soil density parameters contribute to faster and friendlier appearance of stairs (on average for 3 days), better development of the root system and the growth of vegetative mass of crops, which ultimately helps to obtain higher yields. Soil redevelopment is an increase in its volume, which reduces the growth rate of the root system due to the lack of oxygen, which in general affects the level of productivity of cultivated crops. The way of solving the problem of soil redevelopment is to use minimal cultivation as an important factor in the preservation and enhancement of fertility, as well as soil protection from erosion, improvement of humus balance and density of soil structure, nutrient content, etc., in addition, it reduces the terms of field work to eroded soils of the Donetsk region and saving energy and labor resources. The object of research is the chernozem soils of the Northern Step Ukraine. The purpose of the research is to determine the effective system of cultivating the formation of optimal soil density parameters during the cultivation of crops. The research was carried out in accordance with the current normative base (DSTU, DSTU ISO and GOST) using modern methods and techniques. The mathematical processing of the data obtained is performed using standard software packages. The study of changes in the density of soil compaction was carried out on the territory of the Yasynuvatsky district of the Donetsk region in the crop rotation zone on ordinary chernozem. The soil density index for different cultivating systems in the crop rotation varies considerably. This is due to the biological characteristics of crops and the difference in the technologies of their cultivation. The article substantiates the effectiveness of the use of minimal soil tillage in the formation of optimal soil structure density on a 0-30-centimeter soil layer of ordinary black soil in the Donetsk region. Soil composition densities with minimal, no-till and traditional tillage technologies are presented in the phase of seedlings, vegetation, and harvest of corn, mustard and winter wheat. The practical significance of the results is that the resulted research results are brought to the level of concrete proposals that are accepted for implementation in practice on the black earths of ordinary Donetsk region/