Оптимізація строків та способів сівби фенхелю звичайного Foeniculum vulgare

Abstract

Наведено результати досліджень щодо впливу різних строків та способів сівби насіння на показники продуктивності посів фенхелю звичайного в умовах Передкарпаття України

Приведены результаты исследований влияния разных сроков и способов посева на показатели продуктивности посевов фенхеля обыкновенного в условиях Передкарпатья Украины.

Ether-bearing species are classified to the group of crops with production profitability of 200 % and more. However, regions of potential cultivation of those are limited due to extreme sensibility of the cultures to frost, drought, gales and other adverse conditions. Thus, amplification of essential oil materials production is only accomplishable via technological advancement of cultivation of this specific species group. Field studies have been conducted in the sowing season of scientific research field of the laboratory of tillage, vegetation control and technology of organic cultivation of agricultural species, Kolomiya department of Scientific Research and Innovative Advancement of Agricultural Complex, Precarpathean Research Station of Agriculture Institute of Carpathean Region, National Academy of Agriculture of Ukraine, on turf and mid-podzol superficial grey soils treated with tile drainage. Subject of this experiment was Foeniculum vulgare, variety – Chernivtsi local. The antecessor and mitigator of soil fertility had been the species of summer wheat, variety Myroniv Elegy. The sowing was performed in compliance with the scheme of experiment on the depth of 2-2.5 cm, the norm of 8 kg/ha. Experimental area: 60 m2 , including accountable area of 50 m2 , laboratory band of 10 m2 , spatial recurrence – 3, temporal recurrence – 4 (2015-2018); systematic area distribution, randomized recurrence distribution. Our research of ways and methods of sowing was also concerned with the situation of transition from broad-drill (45 cm) to compact sowing (15 cm) and narrow-drill sowing (7.5 cm). After broad-drill sowing with interdrill distance of 45 cm the average seed harvest for 2015 and 2018 made up 16.2 c/ha, which is higher by 2.6 c/ha than compact ordinary sowing and by 3.3 c/ha than narrow-drill sowing. The prolonged expectations, narrowing the interdrill distances for each 5 cm induced decrease of harvest by 0.44 c/ha. General statistic characteristic of the experiment has revealed that variability of cropping yield of the seeds within the limits of average variability constitutes 14% (13.4/15.2), with the impact of sowing method thereby of 57% (27/75), which proves the high and stable efficacy of impact of the factor under investigation on the experiment's outcome. This conclusion is also verified by comparison with HIP05. Therefore, common fennel should be sown in the locality of Precarpathean area of Ivano-Frankivsk region in the first two decades of April by method broad-drill sowing with the interdrill distance of 45 cm and more. These agrotechnical parameters in combination with soil and climatic conditions allow to achieve the stable cropping yield of fennel seeds of 16 c/ha.