Экологическая характеристика промышленных отходов

Abstract

Рассмотрены особенности миграции меди и цинка в разных типах почв, представлены экспериментальные данные по влиянию тяжелых металлов, содержащихся в техногенно-загрязненных почвах, на растительные объекты в контролируемых условиях.

Розглянуто особливості міграції міді і цинку в різних типах ґрунтів і представлені експериментальні дані щодо впливу важких металів, що містяться в техногенно-забруднених ґрунтах, на рослинні об’єкти в контрольованих умовах.

Purpose. At present time the utilization of sludge produced by electroplating plants is a priority direction in science and engineering. The technology monitoring and forecasting of natural environment state and its pollution is a pressing problem. Methods. To study НM ions the leaching from GS to model Cu and Zn were selected due to their high content in GS industry and high hazard. Results. Comparative analysis of the values of the maximum permissible concentration of copper and zinc in all tested soils contaminated GS model, showed that Cu layers all the investigated soils have the 2nd (lower) level of contamination (MPC 200). By the nature of the zinc contamination depends on the type of soil and in heavy soils gumussirovannyh degree of contamination with increasing depth varies from very high in the upper layer, experiencing human impacts to an acceptable level in the lower. The study of the relationship between the content of heavy metals in soil and growth activity test plants revealed that soil contaminated with copper and zinc have comprehensive phytotoxic effect. A combined effect of copper and zinc is manifested as the inhibition or stimulation of growth processes test culture salad "lettuce" and is determined primarily by the level and nature of the dirt, soil properties and biological characteristics test culture. Evidence-based data provided in the work, are of interest in terms of the methods of bioassay environmental pollution due to the openness and relevance of this issue at the present stage of ecology development. These results confirm the need for agroecological monitoring to prevent possible negative consequences of human activities on the environment.