Забруднення важкими металами поверхневих вод Одеської області у 2011-2015 рр.

Abstract

Наведено результати досліджень умісту в поверхневих водах Одеської області цинку, міді, кадмію і свинцю. Виявлено,що вони не забруднені цинком і міддю, але вище гранично допустимої концентрації (ГДК) забруднені води обстежених чотирьох озер кадмієм, п’яти озер і двох морських лиманів кадмієм і свинцем, двох ставів, двох криниць і однієї свердловини свинцем, трьох ставів і однієї криниці кадмієм. На їх забруднення вплинуло місцезнаходження водних об’єктів: найчастіше виявлено забруднення свинцем криниць і свердловин, які знаходяться в населених пунктах, і рідко який – ставів поза їх межами. Забруднення кадмієм більш характерне для ставів, у які збираються води зі схилів разом з унесеними добривами і пестицидами

Представлены результаты исследований содержания в поверхностных водах Одесской области цинка, меди, кадмия и свинца. Выявлено загрязнение вод обследованных четырех озер кадмием, пяти озер и двух морских лиманов кадмием и свинцом, двух прудов, двух колодцев и одной скважины свинцом, трех прудов и одного колодца кадмием. На их загрязнение повлияло расположение водных объектов: чаще всего оказались загрязненными свинцом воды колодцев и скважин в населенных пунктах, реже прудов за их пределами. Загрязнение кадмием больше характерно для прудов, в которые вода собирается со склонов вместе с внесенными удобрниями и пестицидами.

The aim of the work is the estimation of pollution of agricultural surface waters with heavy metals, and determination the ways of pollution diсrease. Research method Samples were collected actuelly, from the water sources, and were analyzed at the testing Centre of the IOGU Odessa branch in accordance . After the cooper content, the highest concentration is defected in the Hadjibey estuary and Dnystrovsky estuary with the “Shabo” argarian firm vine- yards. There, the cooper content excessed the maximum permitted level (MPL) by 5 times. The minimal am maximal values were higher here, than the same on the opposite estuary coast, by 1,75 times. After zinc content, the highest concentration is detected i Hadjibey and Dnistrovsky estuaries waters, Zatyshshya village water well hole, Pershotravneve village lake, pits at villages Krasna Kosa and Mala Vasylyvka. But there was not detected exceed of the MPL of cooper and zinc. The exceeding of MPL at surface waters survey was detected for cadmium and lead for lakes: Katlabuh, Kitaj, Yalpug, Kahul. The Katlabuh lake with cadmium and lead – by 1,8 times; Kitaj lake: lead by 2,75 times, cadmium – by 2,1; at Yalpug lake: cadmium by 1,5 times, lead by 2 times; Kahul lake: cadmium by 8,4 times, lead – by 1,5 times. The water of sea estuaries contains: Hadjibey – cadmium – by 4,9 and bad by 6,8 times more than MPL, Dnystrovsky right coast – cadmium by 4,5, lead by 2,5 times more than MPL; Holmskoe village lake – cadmium content by 4,8, lead content – by 3,5 times more than MPL; Ananyiv town lake: cadmium – by 2,1, Pershotravneve village lake: cadmium – 3,2 times; Kosy village (Podilsky region) – lead by 1,4 times, in the pit at Stary Trojany village – cadmium – 1,9 times, lead – 2,6 times, the Zatyshshya village – by 1,6 times for lead. The source of the Hajibey estuary surface waters pollution are the waste waters throwing down from the depuration plants of the Odessa city. The source of Dnister estuary pollition is the application of the pesticides at vineyards, in the Zatyshshya village well – the conserved pesticides storage; water of lakes, wells, pits, estuaries – the water flow, and the soil erosion, and chaotic, non-controlled and non-equipped waste deposites, and industrial waste sites, and cattle-farms. The surface waters pollution with the atmosphere rainfalls is also in place. It was founded that the surface waters pollution level depends upon the water sources location. The pits and wells in the range of the inhabited localities, are more often polluted with lead, and 50 % of them were polluted with lead content ecxeeding MPL. For the ponds more of which are located over the border of housing development, the amount of lead polluted sites reached 40 % of those studied. The pollution with cadmium is more typical for the ponds, which are created in the valleys, and collect the water from surrounding territory; the water, including silt, contains fertilizers and pesticides. The decrease of surface waters pollution in posible only under the condition of ecological congcioness standart level rising.