Типологічна структура лісів водозборів річки сула

Abstract

Наведено загальну характеристику річки Сула. Досліджено розподіл деревостанів на водозборах за типами лісу і типами лісорослинних умов, розподіл деревостанів за категоріями земель на притоках рік. Визначено фактичну лісистість на водозборах річки Сула. За допомогою програми MapInfo Professional 12.5 і векторної карти України виділено 36 водозборів на річці Сула

Приведена общая характеристика реки Сула. Исследовано распределение древостоев на водосборах по типам леса и типам лесорастительных условий, распределение древостоев по категориям земель на притоках рек. Определена фактическая лесистость, на водосборах реки Сула.. С помощью программы MapInfo Professional 12.5 и векторной карты Украины выделено 36 водосборов на реке Сула

Farm management in watershed year should be primarily aimed at strengthening of water protection and eco-stabilizing functions. Solution of these problems regarding preserving and enhancing of these functions is possible, taking into account typological characteristics of forests. These features are unique and specific for different watersheds, even within a forest vegetation zone, as they determined by the characteristics of the river geomorphology, soils and microclimate, which stipulate the typological diversity of forests. Materials and methods of research. For the analysis of the state of typological structure of the catchments of the river Sula, the forest quarters which are located on tributaries of the investigating object were selected from database VO "Ukrderzhlisproekt". The typology analysis of the forest was conducted under the methodology of Ukrainian school of forest typology. The limits of the catchments were determined by means of MapInfo Professional 12.5 and vector map of Ukraine. Catchment classification on part of areas covered with forest vegetation was conducted by the method of M. D. Grodzinsky. Research results. 36 catchments were marked on the river Sula. Within the limits of determined tributaries there is the forest fund of companies such as: Regional Forestry and Hunting Administration (RFHA), Kiev RFHA – by the area of 0,2 thousand hectares, Sumy RFHA – by area of 14,4 thousand hectares, Poltava RFHA – by the area of 26,6 thousand hectares, Chernihiv RFHA – by the area of 26,5 thousand hectares, Cherkassy RFHA – by the area of 0,7 thousand hectares. Total forest area under the State enterprises referred to regional departments of the forest fund on catchment is 68.1 thousand hectares. The actual woodness is about 3.6 %. The typology structure of the forests of the river Sula catchments is presented by 49 forest types. The actual woodiness varies from treeless in 0.2 %, to 36.2 %. 36 tributaries of the lower order, the area of which ranges from 4.4 thousand hectares (Untitled (forestry catchment (FC)-7)) to 719.0 thousand hectares (r. Uda), are distinguished. The following forest types are prevailing: fresh maple-linden oak forest – 25.9 %, fresh hornbeam oak forest – 19.6 %, fresh oak and pine sudubrava – 8.5 %, fresh hornbeam-oak-pine sudubrava – 5.6 % fresh hornbeam sudubrava – 5.1 %. The remaining forest types represent less than 5 % of the total land area covered by forest vegetation. At the watershed of Sula River the following stands are prevailing: oak-forest, pine forest, alder stand, birch-forest, lime-forest, acacia-forest, representing approximately 89.0 % of the total area covered with forest vegetation. The categorization of forest protectability is following: protective forests are prevailing – 43.9 %, exploitable forests, performed a little fewer – 32.2 %, a part of forests with environment-oriented, scientific, historical and cultural significance – 19.6 %, small areas of recreation and health – only 4.4 % of the total area covered with forest vegetation. During planning, organization and forest management in compliance with watershed and landscape principle one should take into account the following varieties: forest types, types of forest stands, categorization of forest protectability in the watersheds of Sula River.