Ефективність гербіцидів проти амброзії полинолистої в посівах ячменя

Abstract

У трирічному досліді вивчали ефективність чотирьох гербіцидів: 2,4-Д, Діален Супер, Лонтрел і Ларен у боротьбі з карантинним бур’яном амброзією полинолистою. Найбільш ефективно контролювали цей вид Лонтрел і Діален Супер. Зʼясували, що інші дводольні малорічні бур’яни краще знищувала 2,4-Д. Надбавки урожаю ячменю залежали не тільки від біологічної ефективності гербіциду, але й толерантності до нього культури.

В трехлетнем опыте изучали эффективность четырех гербицидов: 2,4-Д, Диален Супер, Лонтрел и Ларен в борьбе с карантинным сорняком амброзией полынелистной. Наиболее эффективно контролировали этот вид Лонтрел и Диален Супер. Другие двудольные малолетние сорняки лучше уничтожала 2,4-Д. Прибавки урожая ячменя зависели не только от биологической эффективности гербицида, но и толерантности к нему культуры.

Widespread quarantine weed Ambrosia artemisiifolia has become a serious problem over the last 20–30 years in Ukraine. There are relatively few researches conducted on the effectiveness of this weed. The purpose of our work was to study the effectiveness of chemical weeding in crops of spring barley. Four drugs were included in the scheme of the experiment: 1. Control; 2. 2.4-D (dimethyl amine salt 2,4-D, 600 g/l, WS), 1.3 l/ha – standart; 3. Dialen Super (dimethyl amine salt 2,4-D and dicamba, 344 g/l + 120 g/l, WS), 0.7 l/ha; 4. Lontrel (clopyralid, 300 g/l, WS), 0,4 l/ha; 5. Laren (metsulfuron-metyl, 600 g/kg, WG), 10 g/ha. Ambrosia artemisiifolia, among annual weeds, stood out for its resilience and high competitiveness. In controlling of this weed, Lontrel and Dialen Super have shown the best results. They lowered weight of this weed before picking the barley on 98 and 95% respectively. In controlling of the other dicotyledonous weeds, 2,4-D proved itself to be better than other herbicides. Depending on the weight reduce of the weeds, including Ambrosia artemisiifolia, drugs are arranged in the following order: Dialen Super and Lontrel (77%), Laren (69%), 2,4-D (60%). The increase of the harvest level after the chemical weeding was affected not only by the biological effectiveness of herbicides but their tolerance to these cultures. Barley was the most tolerant to 2,4-D. Then followed Lontrel, Laren and Dialen Super. As ranked by increase of barley yielding, drugs were placed in the following order: 2,4-D (0.57 t/ha), Lontrel (0.44 t/ha), Laren (0.40 t/ha) and Dialen Super (0.24 t/ha). The cost of drugs hectare standard should be taken into account in case of chemical method of weed control to optimize the choice of herbicide. Among four herbicides, Laren was the cheapest, and Lontrel was too expensive. Nevertheless, given the status of quarantine weed on crops of barley, weeded by Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Lontrel or Dialen Super should be used. 2,4-D or Laren should be used on other crops.