Щільність складення і твердої фази чорнозему типового різного типу використання

Abstract

Роботу присвячено дослідженню деяких фізичних параметрів чорнозему типового різного типу використання. Виявлено, що в середньому найбільшу щільність складення ґрунту забезпечив варіант із ріллею. Варіанти з перелоговим типом використання та з лісосмугою мали майже однакову щільність. У приповерхневих шарах ґрунту найбільшу щільність забезпечив варіант із сільськогосподарським використанням, а найменший – із лісосмугою, тоді, як щільність твердої фази в межах ґрунтового профілю незалежно від використання була стабільною й коливалася у вузьких межах.

Работа посвящена исследованию некоторых физических параметров чернозёма типичного разного типа использования. Выявлено, что в среднем наибольшую плотность сложения почвы обеспечил вариант с пашней. Варианты с залежним типом использования и с лесополосой имели почти одинаковую плотность. В приповерхностных слоях почвы наибольшую плотность обеспечил вариант с сельскохозяйственным использованием, а наименьший – с лесополосой, в тот момент, когда, плотность твердой фазы в пределах грунтового профиля, независимо от использования, была стабильной и колебалась в узких пределах.

The quality state of soil correlates with physical properties. A main place among physical properties is occupied by general physical properties: closeness of addition, closeness of hard phase. They have considerable influence on physical and chemical, biological, morphological and agronomical descriptions of soil. Therefore, the problem of monitoring of changes of physical parameters of soils of the different use appears, as to the basic constituent of the ecological monitoring with the purpose of estimation of the state last. The chernozem soils are basic riches of Ukraine and occupy an area about 27,8 million ha, almost all forest-steppe and steppe zones. They differ in the most optimal physical parameters, but due to introduction to the use test intensive physical degradation. The research objects was been general physical properties: closeness of addition and closeness of hard phase of chernozem typical heavy loamy on the loesslike loam of south-east Forest-steppe of Ukraine. Determinations of closeness of soil were conducted by standard methods. A closeness of addition of soil is a dynamic enough size and changes in course of time and in depth. There are depends on mineral, grain-size composition, and also from content in soil of organic substances, his structuring, structure and tooling. Different genetic horizons have a different closeness. They least sizes are characteristic for the epiphases of soil in the natural state. In a variant with plough-land a closeness of addition of chernozem was within the limits of a 1,27-1,42 g/см3 , under a forest bell – a 1,17-1,38 g/см3 , under a bed – a 1,22-1,33 g/см3 . Closeness of addition of chernozem typical is maximal in a variant with the agricultural use (plough-land). The least indexes were inherent to soil under a forest bell. At the bed type of the use closeness of maternal breed and superficial a 0-10 cm of layer of soil is identical. Under plough-land superficial layers to the depth a 40 cm were close-settled, and under a forest bell, opposite – comparatively loose. Distribution on the profile of soil of indexes of closeness of addition under plough-land and fallow land was had type of parabola with minimum values in middle part of profile. The chernozem under a forest bell with the shrub-arboreal planting, had linear distribution of indexes of closeness with minimum values in superficial layers and maximal – in a maternal breed. Thus, from a depth a 10 cm a to 70 cm indexes, is identical. The closeness of hard phase considerably depends on mineralogical composition of soil and content in him of organic substance. A closeness of hard phase of chernozem on all variants was a 2,23-2,34 g/см3 . As be educed, there is one of stable parameters of physical properties of typical chernozem of different type the use. Within the limits of the ground profile not depending on the use, they hesitates in the narrow limits of indexes, that is mainly conditioned by homogeneity of mineralogical composition. Exudes between variants, chernozem typical under a forest bell, where some increase of closeness of hard phase is fixed in a superficial layer a 0-10 cm, comparatively with below located. It contingently, to our opinion, by the accumulation of dust and silt on a surface soils that carried by wind streams from plough-land. On all studied variants the mean values of sizes of closeness of hard phase with a depth grow and maximal values are inherent to the loesslike loam – a 2,34 g/см3 .