Оцінка стану алювіальних та схилоземних ґрунтів за термодинамічними показниками

Abstract

Описано спробу експертного оцінювання об’єктивними методами стану різноудобрюваних екологічно уразливих цілинних заплавних і схилоземних ґрунтів на моніторингових полігонах урочищ Цикалове і Рязанова балка. При цьому використано активність іонів як універсальний показник, придатний для вирішення будь-яких завдань, зокрема оцінювання рівня родючості безпосередньо в польових умовах ландшафтних екосистем.

Описано результаты експертного оценивания объективными методами состояния разноудобренных экологически уязвимых целинных пойменных и склоновых почв на мониторинговых полигонах урочищ Цикалово и Рязанова балка. При этом использовано активность ионов в качестве универсального показателя, пригодного для решения любых задач по оценке уровня плодородия почв непосредственно в полевых условиях ландшафтных экосистем.

An attempt of expert evaluation has been made with application of ion activity as a universal index applicable for solving any problems of expert estimation of ecological state (in particular, fertility level) of soils directly on the fields. Investigation of ecological aspects is a new trend in the soil science, which facilitates their expert evaluation and, in general, prevents degradation of soil-coenotic components of landscape ecosystems under the effect of intensive, in particular, agrochemical loads. Field experiments with phyto-agrochemical improvement of ecologically vulnerable soils have been fulfilled in production cooperation with “Imperia Agro” firm within Halytsko-Slobozhanskyi ecological corridor of the national ecosystem on plots with different fertilization variants of alluvial soils of the Tsykalove Urochyshche and slope-soils of the “Ryazanova Balka” reserve on three monitoring testing grounds: central flood lands with virgin meadow heavy loam- soils; 3)flood plain with virgin meadow sandy-loam and sandy soils; 4)slope black soil under grass fodder vegetation. Ion activity was determined according to the Ukrainian standard DSTU. Results. At the control without fertilization of the 1st testing ground the activity of monovalent cations varies within 0.11 - 0.12 mmoles/l, and fertilizers affect insignificantly the activity of K+i NH4 +. The highest index was fixed at the variant NPK+Ca (11.48mmoles/l) with index 1.38 at the on-site check, 0,11mmoles/l on NPK, 1,74 –on NPK+Na. Among fertilized variants of sandy soils of the 3-rd testing ground the variant PKMo on which phosphorus was introduced in the form of well-dissolved potassium monophosphate distinguishes itself by considerable K activity (0.26mmoles/l). K activity at the on-site check and on fertilized variants of the virgin slope soils (the 4th testing ground) was almost the same and its indices were at the level of those of the flood lands (0.01- 0.10mmoles/l). Close are also indices of NH4 + activities both at the on-site check and on fertilized variants. Ca activity was higher as compared with monovalent cations on all nitrogen-containing variants and by the order of magnitude less than NH4 + activity at the on-site check. Ecologically safe soil is a guarantee of health and cleanness in the human society which has no right to contaminate soils, landscapes, geobiocoenosis, ecosystems, biosphere as a whole. Without soil no stable functioning of the biosphere and its areal subsystems including agrophytocenosis is impossible.