Комплексна роль колоїдних форм гумусу, власне гумусових речовин і детриту в утворенні мікро- і макроагрегатів чорноземів

Abstract

Показано комплексну роль колоїдних форм гумусу, власне гумусових речовин і детриту в утворенні мікро- і макроагрегатів чорноземів, що визначає фізичні параметри ґрунту і рівень його родючості загалом. Виявлено закономірності структуроутворення (агрегування елементарних часточок ґрунту) у різних за типом використання чорноземах типових Лісостепу України.

Показана комплексная роль коллоидных форм гумуса, собственно гумусных веществ и детрита в образовании микро- и макроагрегатов черноземов, что определяет физические параметры почвы и уровень ее плодородия в целом. Установлены закономерности структурообразования (агрегирование элементарных частиц почвы) в разных по типу использования черноземах типичных Лесостепи Украины.

It was shown that colloidal forms of humus, the actual humic substances (proper humus substances) and detritus play a complex role in the formation of micro and macro aggregates of chernozems that defines the physical parameters of the soil and the total level of soil fertility. Revealed regularities of structural formation (aggregation of elementary soil particles) in different type of use of typical chernozem in forrest-steppe of Ukraine. Structural units of virgin soil and soil under forest belts contain elongated detritus fragments which possibly can participate in the formation of micro aggregates with the subsequent formation of macro aggregates. In structural units of tillage passive humus detritus has short and small fragments, which do not allow to form agronomically valuable structural units. It was found that individual components of the soil organic part, depending upon the way of typical chernozem usage, play different roles in the formation of soil structural units. In all soil samples the actual humic substances play the main role in up to 1 mm size water-resistant structural aggregates formation. In tillage and fallow chernozem the actual humic substances have the higher content in more than 1 mm size soil aggregates formation, but in virgin steppe soils and forest belts soils the detritus plays the leading role. Through the proper ratio of actual humic substances and detritus the regular strengthening the detritus role has been revealed in large aggregates formation at all studied ecosystems. Formation of the structural unit is possible to imagine like this: humic substances saturate a piece of clay, followed by polycondensation and polymerization, there by envelop clay particles- forming organo-mineral smallest elementary unit, further, with the participation of divalent cations, first of all Ca2+, connecting these smallest units and the formation of micro aggregates, the humic substances actually cover with foil the mineral particles and the same time are absorbed by detritus; detritus with adsorbed humic substances on it begins to be aggregated. When its humic substances are connected through the carboxyl and amino groups and divalent cations with micro aggregates then the macro aggregates are formed. Detritus acts as a basis for sustainability of macro aggregates of chernozem soils. Detritus villi can, in turn, connect several micro aggregates, using adsorbed actually humus substances in structural macroaggregates.