Комахи – чинник передачі мікобактерій туберкульозу (оглядова стаття)

Abstract

У статті наведено огляд, узагальнення та аналіз даних, щодо ролі комах у виникненні та поширенні туберкульозу, визначено перспективний напрям досліджень. З’ясовано, що комахи можуть бути резервуаром мікобактерій на різних стадіях свого розвитку і здатні виділяти життєздатні мікобактерії, контамінуючи об’єкти зовнішнього середовища.

The problem of tuberculosis is widespread both in Ukraine and around the world. This disease is one of the ten most common epidemiological causes of death. Today, the problem of rapid growth of the incidence rate is urgent among epidemiologists and epizootologists. The implementation of effective methods of diagnosis, prevention and complete elimination of infection is impossible without perfect knowledge of the route of infection, extraction of mycobacteria from the body of a sick animal or carrier, transmission of infection and reservoirs of the pathogen. The purpose of this work was to summarize and analyze the results of the research by scientists regarding the possible role of insects in the spread of tuberculosis. In recent years, more and more research results appear in scientific publications that demonstrate the extraction of mycobacteria from the body of invertebrate insects. In particular, mycobacteria were removed from the body of cockroaches, butterflies, ticks, mosquitoes, beetles and earthworms (Sramova et al., 1992; Kerrest, 1960; Blagodarnyiy, & Blehman, 1970; Foil, & Gorham, 2000; Fischer, Matlova, Dvorska , Svastova, & Pavlik, 2003; Fischer et al., 2003; Fischer et al., 2004; Wallace et al., 2010). Numerous studies of scientists have proved that cockroaches are carriers of a large number of opportunistic and pathogenic microorganisms, including mycobacteria of tuberculosis (Fotedar, Shriniwas, & Verma, 1991; Kopanic, Sheldon, & Wright, 1994; Cotton et al., 2000; Fischer, Matlova, Dvorska, Svastova, & Pavlik, 2003; Jalil et al., 2012; Menasria et al., 2014; Moges et al., 2016; Nwankwo, Onusiriuka, Elesho, & Okechukwu, 2016). Fischer, Matlova, Dvorska, Svastova, & Pavlik (2003), in consequence of experimental infection of cockroaches with a suspension of mycobacteria extracted the pathogen from excrement for 3 days after the infection. Kerrest (1960), Blagodarnyiy, & Blehman (1970), Hazipov, Safin, & Idrisov (1985) isolated microbacteria from argas mites. As a result of the analysis of existing data, it was established that insects are actually a potential threat of the transmission of mycobacteria of tuberculosis. Proposals for promising research were also identified for a more profound study of this issue.