Потовщення штамба і апікальний ріст двопровідникових саджанців яблуні сорту Флоріна залежно від висоти щеплення

Abstract

А.В. Полунина. Утолщение штамба и апикальный рост двупроводниковых саженцев яблони сорта Флорина в зависимости от высоты прививки. В статье приведены результаты исследований влияния высоты зимней при- вивки на ростовые показатели двупроводниковых саженцев яблони. Установлено, что снижение высоты зимней прививки на уровне 10 см от условной корневой шейки, по сравнению с традиционной прививкой на высоте 20 см, способствует на первом поле плодового питомника утолщению штамба на 1,2 мм и увеличению на 4,4 и 4,5 см длины обоих стволиков двупроводниковых саженцев яблони сорта Флорина на подвое 54–118.

O.V. Polunina. The thickening of trunk and the apical growth of Florina bi-axis apple trees, depending on the height of grafting. The article reviews the results of the research of the effect of different heights of grafting on growth of bi-axis apple trees in the first field of nursery. In recent decades intensification of production of apple fruit is mainly due to consolidation of plantations. In its turn this contributes to the rising cost of laying the industrial apple orchards. The implementation of bi-axis apple trees ("Bibaum", Italy) that have two conductors that reduce the costs during the last years. Bibaum training system provides for the formation of fruit wall by oriented growth of leaders in a row. For the successful implementation of the planting material in Ukraine there is a need to study methods of cultivation. The objective of the research is the development and improvement of methods of growing of bi-axis apple trees on clonal rootstock. The object of the research are Florina cultivar of apple and clonal rootstock 54-118. Winter grafting was performed at 10 and 20 cm from the conventional root collar. The three field experiments were conducted on experimental fruit nursery plot of Uman National University of Horticulture in 2016. Dynamic of the growth of bi-axis apple trees in the first field of nursery was determined each month during the growing season 2016. Counting the number of days from bud break of the scion conducted from April 10. Most intensive thickening of trunk in both cases occurred in 76-137 days from bud break of the scion (June - August). The greatest intensity of apical shoot growth of bi-axis apple trees in nursery noted in 76-106 days from bud break of the scion (June - July). Found the same strong linear dependence of between indicators of trunk diameter and length of shoots with the north and south direction of growth (r = 0,9 ± 0,2). It was found that the decrease of height of grafting contributes thickening of trunk diameter and more active the apical growth of two conductors in the first field of nursery. Trunk diameter was significantly larger in case with grafting at height of 10 cm (12 mm), compared with controls (10.8 mm). At the end of the growing season length of north oriented shoots was 74.9 cm and length of south oriented shoots was 75 cm in case with grafting at height of 10 cm; length of shoots was, respectively, 71.4 and 70.5 cm in case with grafting at height of 20 cm.

Полуніна О.В. Потовщення штамба і апікальний ріст двопровідникових саджанців яблуні сорту флоріна залежно від висоти щеплення. Наведено результати досліджень впливу висоти зимового щеплення на рос- тові показники двопровідникових саджанців яблуні на першому полі розсадника. Установлено, що зниження висоти щеплення сприяє потовщенню діаметра штамба та більш активному апікальному росту обох провідників.