Вплив систем удобрення на врожайність та якість бджолозапильних гібридів огірка

Abstract

Коваленко О.М. Вплив систем удобрення на врожайність та якість бджолозапильних гібридів огірка. Наведено результати досліджень щодо впливу систем удобрення на врожайність, товарність та хімічний склад плодів бджолозапильних гібридів огірка. Внесення органічних добрив забезпечило найвищу то- варну врожайність плодів огірка.

О.Н. Коваленко. Влияние системы удобрения на урожайность и качество пчёлоопыляе- мых гибридов огурца. Представлены результаты исследования влияния системы удобрения на урожайность, товарность и химический состав плодов пчёлоопыляемых гибридов огурца. Внесение органических удобрений обеспечивает наибольшую товарную урожайность плодов огурца.

Kovalenko O. Fertilizer system influence on crop capacity and quality of bee-pollinated cucumber hybrids. The research results concerning fertilizer system influence on marketable crop capacity and fruit quality of bee- pollinated cucumber hybrids have been shown. The research aim was to study agrobiological aspects of new organic mineral fertilizer Agrovit-Kor application both separately and in the combination with mineral fertilizers. Field experiment was used to reach the aim. The experiment scheme envisaged to study the influence of six different versions in fertilizer systems: organic, mineral and organicmineral ones on nutrition rate of typical poorhumus heavy loam chernozem, on crop capacity and marketable quality of bee-pollinated cucumber hybrids Kassatik F1, Evrika F1 u Jackon F1 (St). The peculiarities of crops growth and development, the contents of the components in the cucumber fruit chemical composition were studied as well. The growing technology is generally accepted in the Forest-Steppe regions of Ukraine. The research work was carried out with the fertilizers: Agrovit-Kor (containing N=1-3%, P2O5=1-3%, K2O=1-3%. It is produced of peat, birds excrement, natural soil with biocomponent « Alfa» added.), ammoniac saltpeter, simple superphosphate, potassium salt which were locally placed when cultivating. The research work was carried out during 2014-2015 in the experimental field of the Institute of Vegetable, Water- Melon, Melon and Gourd Growing at NAAS. The biochemical composition of cucumbers was determined according to the methods keeping to the standards of Ukraine. According to the research results it was ascertained that mineral fertilizer application with dosage N30P60K45 (standard) ensured the average crop capacity of marketable cucumber fruit correspondingly by 6,4 t/ha to the control (without fertilizers), where average crop capacity amounted to 15,7 t/ha. It was proved that the use of Agrovit-Kor both separately and in the combination with mineral fertilizers ( N30P24K24) ensured average crop capacity from 21,1 t/ha up to 24,4 t/ha. Hybrid Kassatik F1 was distinguished by crop capacity – 32,6 t/ha, the index of hybrid Evrika F1 amounted to 22,2 t/ha that is 11,8 and 8,2 t/ha more correspondingly in comparison with the control without fertilizers and 14,1 and 3,7 t/ha more than that of hybrid Jackon F1 (St). The cucumber hybrids were estimated concerning the influence of fertilizer systems on components content of the fruit chemical composition. The cucumber fruits contained more dry substance in the versions where Agrovit-Kor was applied (1,5 t/ha) compatibly with mineral fertilizers ( N30P24K24). The index was 5,3 % for hybrid Kassatik F1; 4,9 % - for hybrid Evrika F1; 4,6 for hybrid Jackon F1 (St). The production of the versions where organic, organic and mineral fertilizers were applied contained higher sugar and vitamin C amount. The fertilizer didn’t influence considerably nitrate accumulation in cucumber fruits. Their quantity ranged from 57 mg/kg up to 62 mg/kg of raw mass ( maximum possible coefficient MPC -150 mg/kg).