Державне регулювання сфери вищої освіти

Abstract

Розкрито зміст, мету, принципи, пріоритетні напрями державної політики у сфері вищої освіти. Розглянуто механізм державного управління. Здійснено класифікацію форм і методів регулювання. Розглянуто проблеми та напрями вдосконалення механізму регулювання вищої школи в Україні.

The urgency of the problem is connected with the necessity to elaborate new mechanisms of regulatory activities in the sphere of higher education by the government that corresponds to modern requirements. The purpose and the task of the article is to analyze conceptual backgrounds of government policy in the sphere of higher education, specification of the directions for the improvement of the mechanism of government policy realization. The necessity of government regulation in the sphere of higher education is substantiated. The author notes that the drawbacks in the regulation of educational sphere are connected with insufficient conceptual understanding of essential issues of the mechanism of government regulation, its essence, principles, forms and methods. The main elements of the mechanism of government regulation of education as a branch are emphasized and analyzed, namely: main principles; target principles; priority directions of the regulation; forms and methods. The author contemplates and schematically reflects the mechanism of government regulation in the sphere of higher education (fig.1). The forms and methods of influence are analyzed and structured. The forms of influence are conditionally divided into two groups: direct and indirect. Direct regulation is equated with the administrative influence. It also includes normative legal regulation, government investments to the development of education, government monopoly (licensing, attestation, controlling quality of education). Special attention is paid to legal regulation directed towards the regimentation of legal principles of educational services functioning. The preference is given to indirect (economic) influence, realized by means of monetary and budget-tax policies. The methods of influence are divided to legal, economic, administrative, donor, moral and ethical. Special attention is given to the necessity of developing new regulation mechanism, extension of indirect methods of influence – economic, donor, moral and ethical with simultaneous reduction of administrative methods. The problem concerning the ways of higher school financing is considered. The experience of the developed countries is analyzed. The necessity of reforming the financial provision of higher school in Ukraine with the use of normative method of financing, the allocation of budget funds to the universities depending on the results of their activity is specified. It is noted that the method for the extension of the sources of financing is the realization of entrepreneurial function by higher educational establishments. It is possible to make the conclusion that scientifically substantiated bases of government regulation of higher education and creation of an effective mechanism of educational policy realization is the background for raising the effectiveness of functioning of education as a branch and national economy in general. At the present stage of the development of government regulation of higher education, the preference is to be given to economic methods of influence with simultaneous reduction of administrative ones.