Адаптація й адаптивне управління підприємством: теоретичні аспекти

Abstract

Здійснено узагальнення, систематизацію існуючих підходів до суті поняття «адаптація підприємства». Наголошено на необхідності розгляду поняття «адаптація» з позиції комплексної системи, що включає в себе ключові компоненти. Розглянуто суть та значущість «адаптивного управління» з позицій розвитку теорій економіки підприємств і управління організаціями.

Economic management of modern enterprises occurs in the changing and unpredictable conditions. It requires constant monitoring of the changes in the economic environment that complicate the work, but on the other hand, make it possible to reveal the hidden potential of the company, opening up the prospects for its development. Currently, a large part of the major domestic institutions is not able to adequately and consciously react to ever-changing conditions of the external and internal environment. This applies even to the companies with a well-oiled mechanism of management of production and economic activity. This problem is caused by a complete lack of flexible market-based instruments of adaptive management. Adaptation of enterprises to environmental conditions is a natural process of evolution of the economy. Taking into account environmental changes, systematic updating of enterprise economic activity is necessary to survive and maintain the competitiveness of its functioning in modern conditions. In other words, management of organizational changes should be based on the adaptive approach that uses an existing enterprise potential and the identification of its reserves as a base of organizational change. In the process of adaptation, system functions of management are particularly important, which are understood not only as the consistency between such functions as planning, organization, control and motivation, but also as a compliance of the operational implementation of these functions to the enterprise strategic development plan. In the article, economic literature about the definition of "adaptation" and "adaptive management" is analyzed. Essential characteristics, evolution and areas of the dissemination of the notion of "adaptation" are disclosed. The approaches of the definition of the essence of adaptation are studied, three main approaches according to the authors are proposed. The key components of this basic concept are singled out. This paper highlights the essence of adaptive management from the positions of theories of business economics. The authors’ interpretation of the concept of "adaptation" and "adaptive management" is given.