Використання видів і форм таволг (spiraea l.) У садово-паркових ландшафтах Харківської області

Abstract

Проведено розмноження та акліматизацію 27 різновидностей Spirae L.: 15 видів, 4 форм та 8 культиварів. Досліджено зимостійкість і декоративність таволг протягом дев’яти років. Визначено найбільш витривалі й декоративні таксони в умовах Харківської області.

Проведены розмножение и акклиматизация 27 разновидностей рода Spirae L.: 15 видов, 4 форм и 8 культиваров. Исследована зимостойкость и декоративность спирей на протяжении девяти лет. Определены наиболее выносливые и декоративне таксоны для условий Харьковской области.

High quality landscaping of the Ukrainian settlements requires the enrichment of the assortment of beautifully-flowering and decorative deciduous shrubs while creating landscape compositions in garden and park objects of different purpose. One of the genera which should be paid more attention is meadowsweet (Spirae L.), subfamily Spiraeoideae Focke, family Rosaceae Juss., which includes about 100 species, distributed in temperate and subtropical climates of the Northern Hemisphere. There is also approximately the same number of hybrids, cultivars and forms.To research the introduction of Spirae L. taxa under conditions of Kharkiv region meadowsweet cuttings were sampled from the collection of the Botanical Garden named after V. Fomin of T. Shevchenko Kiev National University. The observations on the test plants were being carried out for 9 years. Winter hardiness meadowsweet was determined by Sokolov 8 grade scale (1958) the decorativeness was measured by Kotelovaya and Grechko 4 grade scale (1969).Under the conditions of Kharkiv region 27 taxa of Spirae, 17 of which had high hardiness, were introduced. 7 species of spirea, in the critical years had lower hardiness than in Kiev. The least winter-hardy species were S.cantoniensis f. plena, S. prunifolia f. plena, S. thunbergii. To create low borders up to 20-40 cm in height the best are S. × pumilionum Zab. and S. japonica 'Gold mound'. Green hedges 50-70 cm in height are created with S. japonica 'Little princes'. To create summer-blooming hedges 0,8-1,0 m in height S. × bumalda Burv., S. × bumalda Burv. 'Goldflame', S. × bumalda 'Crispa', S. × bumalda 'Anthoni waterer', S. japonica f. Plena, S. japonica 'Golden princes', S. japonica L.' Shirobana are used. Using S. japonica f. macrophylla Zab allows you to create golden-green in spring and summer and bright-red in autumn hedges which height is up to 1.3 m. Spring-blooming (S . × vanhouttei, (Briot) Zab., S. nipponica Maxim., S. × cinerea Zab., S. × cinerea "Grefsheim", S. media Fr. Schmidt), and summer-flowering spireas (S. × billiardii (Dipp .) Herinq, S. latifolia (Ait.) Borkh, S. salicifolia L.) are fine to create high beautifully flowering hedges (1.5-2 m). As a lawn group or as tapeworms particularly winter-hardy and decorative spring-flowering taxa S. × cinerea "Grefsheim", S. nipponica Maxim., S. ferganensis Pojark and S. × vanhouttei (Briot) Zab., summer blooming cultivars S. × bumalda Burv. - `Goldflame`,` Anthoni waterer`, `Crispa`, 'Shirobana`, S. japonica L. -' Golden princes', 'Gold mound', and S. japonica f. macrophylla Zab are recommended to use.