Crop capacity and quality of soybean grain depending on seed sowing rate and width of inter-rows

Abstract

The aim of the conducted research was to substantiate the elements of soybean growing technology, which would ensure high crop capacity and grain quality. On row crops of ultra-early-maturing soybean cultivar Annushka and early-ripening cultivar Bajka, the highest crop grain capacity in the experiment ‒ 1.85 and 2.18 t/ha was obtained at the rate of seed sowing ‒ 1.2 and 1.0 million items/ha, correspondingly. On variants with inter-rows of 45 cm, the highest crop grain capacity of these cultivars ‒ 1.59 and 1.84 t / ha ‒ was obtained at the sowing rates of 1.1 and 0.9 million items/ha, accordingly, and with 70 cm inter-rows – under sowing 1,0 and 0.9 million items/ha ‒ 1.27 and 1.35 t/ha. The protein content in Annushka soybean grain was by 1.0–1.1 % higher than in Bajka cultivar. Thickening of crops by increasing the seeding sowing rate and expanding inter-rows width led to the increase in protein content in grain. The highest protein harvest on the average over the years – 764 kg/ha was observed on crops of soybean cultivar Bajka under the combination of seed sowing rate of 1.0 million items/ha with the width of inter-rows of 15 cm. On Annushka crops the largest protein harvest – 679 kg/ha was received under the same inter-row width, but at seed sowing rates of 1.2 million items/ha. On variants with 45 cm of inter-rows width, the largest soybean protein harvest of Bajka and Annushka cultivars ‒ 647 and 585 kg/ha was observed under the seeding rates of 0.9 and 1.1 million items/ha, correspondingly. The oil content in grain of both soybean cultivars decreased with increasing sowing rate and expansion of inter-rows. The soybean cultivar Bajka had a higher oil content in grain in the context of all combinations of inter-rows width with seed sowing rate. On the average by the years, seed sowing rates and variants of inter-rows width, the oil content of Baika soybean grain was by 2.7 % higher than that one of Annushka. The largest oil harvest from 1 ha of both soybean cultivars under all sowing rates was provided by seed sowing with 15 cm inter-rows width. The oil harvesting from 1 ha on variants, with inter-rows width of 15, 45 and 70 cm averaged 334, 286 and 217 kg/ha, correspondingly. As for the oil harvest from 1 ha among the studied cultivars, the cultivar Bajka prevailed.