Функціонування сільського зеленого туризму в умовах ринкової економіки України

Abstract

Розглянуто проблеми функціонування сільського зеленого туризму в умовах ринкової економіки України. Показано, що поняття «сільський туризм», «зелений туризм», «сільський зелений туризм», «агротуризм» та «екотуризм» мають багато схожих рис, оскільки характеризують вид відпочинку в сільській місцевості. Водночас існує низка відмінностей, які розмежовують ці дефініції.

The article is devoted to the operation of rural tourism in the conditions of market economy in Ukraine. The influence of rural green tourism in the context of the economic crisis is determined, because it is one of the ways to reduce unemployment in rural areas and a source of additional income for farmers. It is shown that the concept "rural tourism", "green tourism", "agritourism" and "ecotourism" have a sufficient number of similarities, since they characterize the view of the countryside. At the same time, there is a number of differences distinguishing between these definitions. Undeniable is the view that rural tourism performs a recreational function. The organization of a dwelling in a rural area is covered: it is a housing with not more than five rooms adapted for the accommodation of tourists, and belongs to the owner as a private property. The service the arrangement of the rooms is solved. The development of entrepreneurship in the sphere of rural green tourism in Ukraine is quite uneven. However, there are all the possibilities for the development of this type of tourism, namely: climatic conditions, presence of historical and cultural sites, and preserved national identity and traditions. The greatest number of the farmsteads are concentrated in the Carpathian region of Ukraine, in particular 69.96% of the farmsteads of the total number located in Ivano-Frankivsk region, to 9.87% of farmsteads in Lviv region, and 6.44% of physical persons-entrepreneurs providing services of rural green tourism are registered in Chernivtsi region. In our opinion, the operation of rural tourism in the conditions of Ukraine market economy is hampered next to organizational and economic reasons. The following factors restrict the development of rural green tourism in Ukraine: – political and economic instability in the state; – the lack of proper legal support of the development of rural green tourism; – absence of a mechanism for rational and ecologically balanced use of natural and historical-cultural potential for the needs of tourism; – low level of infrastructure and communications; – insufficient level of staffing and promotional support. The authors outlined possible factors restricting the development of rural green tourism in Ukraine. Assuming that the adoption of the reform package will contribute to the revival and stabilization of business in the period from 2016 to 2020 in the sphere of rural green tourism, we can expect a certain growth, which may be more significant after 2020. Such hypothetical scenario of economic development gives a chance to estimate rural green tourism. In particular, according to our calculations, the number of farmsteads in Ukraine in 2025 might amount 791 units, and they will be able to accept about 224.5 thousand tourists and receive an income of almost 84392.9 thousand UAH, which 2.6 times exceeds that of 2020.