Альтернативні джерела фінансування системи вищої освіти

Abstract

Доведено, що необхідність пошуку альтернативних джерел фінансування вищої освіти в Україні викликана обмеженістю коштів держави та потребою розвитку плюралізму у сфері надання освітніх послуг, фінансування та управління системою освіти. З урахуванням закордонного досвіду досліджено роль ендавменту як ключового механізму освітнього фандрайзингу та характер його впливу на розвиток вищої освіти. Обґрунтовано актуальність формування ендавмент-фондів в Україні як додаткового джерела фінансування вищих навчальних закладів.

Current state of national higher education allows admitting the fact that the existing system of financing higher educational institutions does not provide its development. Limited funds of the state and the necessity to develop pluralism in the sphere of providing educational services, financing and management of the system of higher education causes the necessity of searching alternative sources of financing. Based on foreign experience, the necessity of distributing an endowment as a key mechanism of educational fundraising is specified due to its higher potential in comparison with the other investment opportunities. The main advantages of endowment financing include ensuring stability of higher educational institutions’ development and their flexibility concerning their financing; creation of stable background for the development and implementation of new projects, programs, new scientific laboratories and social facilities, development of science and international scientific cooperation, etc. The most contradictory issues concerning endowment include reinvestment of a considerable part of the fund income; investment social responsibility; existence of the alternative directions of using funds. Now endowment culture is the most widespread in the USA, Canada, Australia, Japan, Britain, Switzerland. The low level of the endowment development in Ukraine education is predetermined by certain problems both in social-economic, and legislative spheres. For the development of fundraising activity, the universities are to elaborate an effective mechanism through the organization of endowment fund, which should include the organization of interaction of structural divisions of Ukraine universities, distribution of the responsibility in this sphere; methods and specifics of working with the persons providing fundraising; the process of planning fundraising, etc. The universities have to use active and passive means of accumulating resources on the accounts of endowment funds and create the corresponding infrastructure, which would provide effective communications with other stakeholders of higher education.