Науково-теоретичні підходи до визначення поняття "конкурентоспроможність підприємства"

Abstract

Проаналізовано теоретичні підходи вчених до співставлення понять «конкуренція», «конкурентоспроможність» та «конкурентоспроможність підприємства» за рівнями суб’єктів конкурентної боротьби. Проведене дослідження дозволило узагальнити дефініції конкурентоспроможності підприємства відповідно до компаративного, ресурсного, системного та поєднувального підходів до визначення цього поняття.

Theoretical approaches to comparing the notions of “competition”, “competitiveness”, and “the competitive capacity of an enterprise” by the levels of the subjects of competitive struggle (macrolevel – a competitiveness of goods (services), competitive capacity of enterprises), mesolevel – a competitiveness of corporate associations of enterprises, as well as subjects of market relations within the industry; macrolevel – a competitiveness of the national economy, international economic relations) have been analyzed, that made it possible to determine the hierarchy of interaction levels of competitiveness system elements at various levels of economic activity in the interaction of the objects of the competitive environment with the assignment of a key role to the enterprise. This study has allowed to generalize the definition of the competitive capacity of an enterprise in accordance with the comparative, resource, system, and integrated connective approaches to the defining this concept. Grouping the definitions of the competitive capacity of an enterprise has been considered advisable for a number of approaches, namely, according to: a comparative approach with respect to the availability of comparative competitive advantages among competing enterprises, taking into account the degree of satisfaction of goods and services relative to competitors and a set of evaluation criteria; a resource approach to the relative competitiveness of the enterprise to the implementation of effective economic activity through the effective disposal of resources in a competitive market, ensuring counteraction to competitors, provided that production and marketing of competitive products were made; a systematic approach to the analysis of the holistic integrated properties of the object, the identification of its interrelations and structures in the system of interacting elements, the systemic complex of characteristics, features of the socioeconomic system, specificities of adaptation to changes in the external environment; a connective approach, in which it has been proposed to group complicated integrated definitions with a focus on strategic and tactical goals of the enterprise in interrelation with the competitive advantages of economic entities, on a systematic assessment of the components of the resource potential of the enterprise with regard to their adaptation to external changes, on strategic and current competitive advantages in creating competencies of the components of the resource potential as the basis for achieving a high level and strategic development of the enterprise based on a combination of different competitive advantages, introducing innovations in product differentiation and lowering costs, and so on.