Удосконалення технології утримання племінних телиць як фактор підвищення економічних показників виробництва молока на молочних комплексах

Abstract

На молочно-товарному комплексі ,,Вільшанське” Двурічанського району Харківської області визначено високу ефективність удосконаленої технології вирощування племінних телиць за застосування принципово нового приміщення ангарного типу з легкозбірних малометалоємних конструкцій для вирощування телят від народження до 2-місячного віку.

The scientific search for the reduction in the price of milk production in Ukraine including the method of pedigree cow calve management technology improvement has been conducted. The research was carried out in the production conditions of the milk and commodity complex “Vilshanske”, Dvurechansky district, Kharkiv region. The heifers of the Ukrainian Black-and White dairy breed, aged from 2 months to 2-6 months and older than 6 months, were taken as the object of the investigation and both the new up-to-date and the common technologies of the heifer management were used. In addition, the following methods of scientific research were used: zootechnical, technological, economic, statistical ones. The aim of the scientific research was to find the ways to reduce the material expenditures at the expense of the introduction less cost technology of pedigree heifer management, the improvement of pedigree heifer feeding system during the main stages of heifer growing. In addition, during the scientific research special attention was paid to the search of the ways to provide high rate of mechanization of the production processes, energy saving, the reduction of labor and material expenditures and financial resources to construct the premises, objects of infrastructure, the use of modern building materials for that including easily constructed, model constructions and the creation of the conditions for the animal well-being: optimization of the quantity and necessity of technological operations, loose housing system, standardized biologically full feed ration with the use of all-year-round monotype feeding using priority feeds. In addition, the new premises of the hangar type made from easily-modelled constructions were used to maintain the calves in the individual pens from the birth to 2 –month- age. But at the age of 2-6 months and older than 6 months the heifers were kept in the reconstructed premises that provided the conditions for the animal well-being. All the above mentioned gave the possibility to increase the daily weight gains in the cow calves during the period of their growing on average per head from 600 g to 723 g or by 20,5%, to reduce the forage expenditure per 1 centner of the calve weight gain from 10,93 centner to 6,78 centner or by 38, 0% without the increase in the number of concentrated feeds in the ration structure. High intensity of pedigree heifer management has been achieved that created the conditions to inseminate the heifers at the 12-13 month-age. live weight 380-400 kg and to produce the first calving at the age of 21-22-month. As a result high dairy productivity of cows was achieved – 1020 kg/ year, the profitability of milk production was 43,7%.