Особливості формування показників довічного використання корів бурих порід Північного Сходу України

Abstract

Дослідження проведені в племінному заводі Державного підприємства «Дослідне господарство Інституту сільського господарства Північного Сходу НААН» Сумського району з розведення української бурої молочної породи.Ретроспективний аналіз тривалості та ефективності довічного використання корів здійснювали за методикою Ю.П.Полупана, 2010. Встановлений достовірний високовірогідний вплив генотипових факторів на показники довічного використання корів. Найбільшу силу впливу на продуктивне довголіття корів мав фактор походження за батьком(η2х = 23,4-26,9%). Умовна кровність за швіцькою породою також достовірно впливала на показники довічного використання тварин. Сила впливу на окремі показники знаходилась в межах η2х=1,7 -15,2%. Лінійна належність не мала достовірного суттєвого впливу на показники довічного використання тварин.

Recently, scientists have paid great attention to the study of identifying the factors that determine the indicators of lifetime use of cows. This issue is particularly relevant in the context of the widespread use of bull-producers of imported dairy breeds in Ukraine. Among the genetic factors, the father's heredity has a noticeable effect on the duration and effectiveness of the productive use of cows. The aim of the research is to study the effect of genotypic factors on the duration of economic use of brown cows. The studies were conducted in the breeding plant of the State Enterprise "Experimental Farm of the Institute of Agriculture of Northern East of NAAS" of Sumy region for breeding Ukrainian brown dairy breed. A retrospective analysis of the duration and efficiency of lifetime use of cows was carried out using the method of Y.P. Polupan, 2010. It is established that the conditional kindred of animals of the Swiss breed significantly influenced the majority of indicators characterizing indicators of lifetime use of cows (η2х=1,7 -15,2%.). Life expectancy was longer in animals with conditional kindred of the Swiss breed from 25.1 to 50%. They are respectively significantly superior to animals with conditional kindred 75,1-87,5% (for 16%, Р<0,05), 87,6-93,8% (for 29%, Р<0,05), 100% (for 34%, Р<0,01). Purebred Lebedinian animals also had a high rate of lifetime and its value is significantly dominated by kindred of Swiss breed animals: 87,6-93,8% (for 36%, Р<0,01), 100% (for 46%, Р<0,05). Animals of the Lebedinian breed by the number of lactations have an advantage which reliably (P<0,01-0,05) prevailed kindred animals of Swiss breed, respectively: 75,1-87,5 – for 41%, 87,6-93,8% - for 87%, 100% - for 89%. Accordingly, the duration of the lactation period was longer in purebred Lebedinian animals. In terms of lifetime milk yield animals with conditional kindred of Swiss breed had the advantage of 25.1-50.0% - 24169.5 kg, purebred Lebedinian animals - 23756 kg and with conditional kindred 50.1-75% - 22467 kg. Animals with less conditional kindred on improving breed also had an average lifetime productivity more than 20,0 thousand kg of milk. The lowest average gross yield was observed in animals with a conditional share of the Swiss breed of 100%. Linear affiliation did not have a significant impact on the indicators of lifetime use of cows. The greatest force of influence on the productive longevity of cows had a factor of father origin (η2х = 23,4-26,9%). The highest life expectancy differed daughters of bulls-producers Bigboy 9973 of Distinkshna 159523 line (4399 days) and Major 543 of Pavena 136140 line (4350 days).The shortest life expectancy was in the daughters of a bull-producer Poliden 3950 of Elegant 148551 line (1432 days). This trend is typical for indicators of the duration of economic use and lactation period. A larger average lifetime milk yield is typical for the daughters of the bull-producer Major 243, which was 33127 kg. We have studied the influence of purebred Lebedinian and Swiss bulls on the studied parameters. It was found that the daughters of pure-breed Lebedinian bulls had the advantage in the average values of all the studied indicators. Moreover, the difference in the number of lactation and lactation period was significant (Р<0,05).