Готельна індустрія: економічна суть і тенденції розвитку

Abstract

Досліджено генезис формування сфери послуг та уточнено економічну суть поняття «послуга» в економічній науці. Запропоновано вcе pозмaїття пocлуг у cучacній екoнoміці гpупувaти зa кількoмa великими, функціoнaльнo oднopідними гpупaми. З уpaxувaнням теopетичнoгo oбґpунтувaння cуті гoтельниx пocлуг запропоновано cиcтему їx клacифікaції. Виявлено основні тенденції розвитку готельних підприємств в Україні.

The genesis of human services was investigated and the economic essence of the concept "service" in economic science was specified. It was considered the appearance of a service as an economic category. An analysis of the existing interpretations of the essence of service made it possible to suggest the following clarification of its definition: a service is a kind of activity, the result of which is a special product, as a rule, does not have a material form or materializes in an altered state as an object and satisfies the needs of the individual, the collective, the society as a whole. The services which are provided by the hospitality enterprises have a range of peculiarities, in view of which, we have suggested to define the hotel services as an economic function, which consists in facilitating the satisfaction of individual or collective needs without transferring ownership of any property at the regional, state and world levels. It is suggested to group the diversity of services in modern economy into several larger, functionally more or less homogeneous groups. The main trends of development of hotel enterprises in Ukraine were revealed. The main indicators of the activity of hotel enterprises in 2011–2015 were considered. The dynamics of these indicators shows that during the period 2010–2015 in Ukraine there was an enlargement of hotels and similar accommodation facilities, and a decrease of indicators in 2015 was due to the country's economic, political and financial instability. We made our own conclusions and suggestions about improving the development of hotel services in the current economic conditions. We believe that the strategy, corresponds to the changes in the national economy, harmonizes the influence and interrelations between the factors of the internal and external environment. The specifics of developing a strategy for the management of hotel enterprises are related to the following provisions: satisfaction of domestic and international consumers with qualitative basic and additional services; availability of certain resources and their transformation into basic and distribution services; comparison of costs of production and use of basic and additional services based on performance; complexity of the internal environment (a large number of elements, interconnections, etc.); impossibility of formalizing of tasks; compulsory development and variability of its criteria.