Епізоотична ситуація за дирофіляріозу собак в умовах мегаполісу м. Харків

Abstract

Досліджена епізоотична ситуація за дирофіляріозу собак в умовах мегаполісу м. Харків. Проаналізовані статистичні дані з 2013 по 2017 р. і встановлена екстенсивність інвазування собак від 7,93 % до 13,78 % (у середньому 11,8 %). Власними дослідженнями встановлена інвазованість собак, в залежності від віку, породи та господарського використання.

The results of the examination of purebred dogs and mongrel dogs to establish cases of dirofilariasis in Kharkiv have been presented in the article. The official documents of the veterinary reports of Kharkiv filial branch of State Scientific and Research Institute of Laboratory Diagnostics and Veterinary and Sanitary Expertise from 2013 to 2018 have been analyzed. According to the statistical data, the extensity of canine dirofilariasis among dogs in Kharkiv from 2013 to 2018 ranged within 11.8%. The maximum rise of canine dirofilariasis was recorded in 2013 (extensity of invasion (EI) – 13.78%), and the lowest level was recorded in 2017 (EI – 7.93%). 25 dogs in Kharkiv were investigated by epizootological, special hemolarvoscopic, clinical and parasitological methods. The above-mentioned dogs belonged to 8 breeds: Alabai (1), American Staffordshire Terrier (2), Doberman Pinscher (2), East-European Shepherd (3), Cocker Spaniel (2), Labrador Retriever (2), German Shepherd Dog (2), Riesenschnauzer (2) and Mongrel Dogs (9). 37.5% of 16 purebred dogs that were infected with dirofilariasis had intensity of invasion 157.5±18.5 micro-filariae / 1 cm3 of blood. 9 Mongrel Dogs infected with dirofilariasis had extensity of dirofilariasis 22.2% and intensity of invasion 190.4±15.7 micro-filariae / 1 cm3 of blood. Degree of canine dirofilariasis among the dogs of American Staffordshire Terrier, Doberman Pinscher, Labrador Retriever, German Shepherd Dog breeds reached 50% with intensity 157.5±18.5 micro-filariae / 1 cm3 of blood. The result of the study showed that belonging to certain breeds did not effect on morbidity of dogs with dirofilariasis. The degree of invasion of various dog breeds depended on the conditions of the maintenance and their economic use that definitely influence probability of contact of dogs with biological vector – mosquitoes. Commercial and hunting dogs were the most infected ones with dirofilariasis (EI – 50.0%), and the lowest degree of the invasion was established in the dog of fighting breeds (EI – 25.0%) and in mongrel dogs (EI – 22.2%). The intensity of invasion was 168.5±18.2 and 190.4±15.7 micro-filariae / 1 cm3 of blood. Pet decorative dogs were free from dirofilariasis because of minimal contact with mosquitoes and they had much less probability to be infected. The frequency of cases of canine dirofilariasis depended on the age of animals. Dirofilariasis was not registered in dogs under 1 year old. The age dynamics of canine dirofilariasis was characterized by a gradual increase in dogs older than 1 year up to 3 years of age (EI – 25-33.3%). The maximum significance of invasion registered in the dogs of 7 years old (EI – 42.85%) with the intensity 195.6±15.1 micro-filariae / 1 cm3 of blood. In dogs of 10-12 years old and older because of the decrease in natural resistance the increase in the level of invasiveness was registered.