Побудова організації та основні типи організаційних структур управління

Abstract

Гуторов О.І., Гуторова О.О. Побудова організації та основні типи організаційних структур управління. Досліджено еволюційні процеси перетворення і розвитку організаційних структур управління, узагальнено думки провідних дослідників організаційних структур та виділено чинники, що сприяли їх розвитку й удосконаленню, надано рекомендації щодо можливостей удосконалення організаційного проектування у сучасних умовах господарювання. Розглянуто підходи до побудови організацій, наведено та проаналізовано принципові схеми структур управління.

Гуторов А.И., Гуторова Е.А. Построение организации и основные типы организационных структур управления. Исследованы эволюционные процессы преобразования и развития организационных структур, обобщены мысли ведущих исследователей организационных структур и выделены факторы, которые сопутствовали их развитию и совершенствованию, даны рекомендации относительно возможностей совершенствования организационного проектирования в современных условиях хозяйствования. Рассмотрены подходы к построению организаций, приведены и проанализированы принципиальные схемы структур управления.

Gutorov O.I., Gutorova O.O. Composition of the organization and the main types of organizational management structures. The evolutionary processes of the transformation and development of the organizational structures of management have been investigated; the ideas of many researchers concerning the organizational structures have been generalized and the factors contributing to their development and improvement have been highlighted. It was determined that the central element of the organizational mechanism of management is the managerial structure, which is a regulated set of the interconnected elements of the system; it defines the division of labor and communication services between the structural units and the employees of the managerial apparatus for the preparation, adoption and implementation of the management decisions. It is proposed to understand the composition of the organization as the process of division of labor within the organization with the allocation of individual units and positions, which are assigned to carry out the appropriate tasks aimed at achieving the common goals. The most common approaches to composition of the organizations have been analyzed. These approaches are the follows: the quantitative approach, the temporal approach, the functional approach, the product approach, the technological approach and the regional one. The estimation of the principal schemes of the management structures (according to the nature of the organizational relations composition, the number of the management levels, the volume of the delegated authorities, and the nature of the delegated authorities) has been done. Their advantages and disadvantages have been analyzed. The advantages of applying the adaptive management structures (the structures with the commissions’ usage, the structure with the project groups’ employment, the matrix management structure, and the conglomerate management structure) have been substantiated. Their application allows obtaining a synergistic effect (the high level of coordination of the actions and the minimization of expenses in the functional areas of management). One of the most actual and important ways of improving the organizational structure has been formulated. This way is the standardization of the management processes and the interaction between the organizational subunits and the employees in these divisions. Today the introduction of the business standards is one of the generalizing tools of decentralization of management and the basis for focusing on the strategic issues of the organization's development.