Визначення основних параметрів навколишнього середовища для утримання морських ссавців в умовах відкритої акваторії

Abstract

В статті автором розглянута можливість утримання морських тварин (дельфінів та сивучів) у вольєрах в умовах відкритої акваторії Одеської затоки, зокрема в інтересах ВМС ЗС України. Наведені результати досліджень основних параметрів навколишнього середовища в різних ділянках прибережної акваторії.

В статье рассмотрена возможность содержания морских млекопитающих в вольерах открытой акватории Одесского залива, в частности в интересах ВМС ВС Украины. Представлены результаты исследований основных параметров окружающей среды различных участков прибрежной акватории: физико-химические, бактериологические показатели морской воды, изменения погодных условий в течение календарного года. На основе полученных данных, предоставлены рекомендации по обеспечению оптимальных условий содержания морских животных в условиях акватории Одесского залива, сохранения их высокой рабочей активности и способности к естественному размножению, что имеет большое значение для сохранения популяций животных, занесенных в Красную Книгу.

In 2014, Scientific research center of Armed forces of Ukraine “State Oceanarium” was officially relocated from Sevastopol (Kazachya Bay) to Odessa. In article, author considered the possibility of keeping marine animals (dolphins and sea lions) in open-air cages in the conditions of the open water area of Odessa Bay, in particular of interests of MNF of Armed forces of Ukraine. Research shows the results of studies of the basic environmental parameters of various sections of coastal waters: physical and chemical, bacteriological indicators of sea water, changes in weather conditions during the year. Based on these results, recommendations were provided for ensuring to make the optimal conditions of marine animals in the waters ої Odessa Bay to maintain high activity and capacity for natural reproduction, which is of great importance for increase in populations of the animals included to the Red List. The studies were conducted according to the subject of research work of Scientific research center of Armed forces of Ukraine “State Oceanarium’ with the participation of the Odessa regional laboratory center of state sanitary and epidemiological service of Ukraine and the Hydrometeorological center of the Black and Azov seas (the State service of Ukraine for emergency situations). The main objects of violation of the ecological balance of the aquatic environment of Odessa Bay are the industrial enterprises, housing and communal services, agrarian sector. However, the main source of pollution of the sea water is domestic wastewater from stations “Southern” and “Northern” of biological purification of water. In the study of the general sanitary status of sea water and weather conditions in several areas of the water area of Odessa Bay, was found that the most suitable place for keeping of marine animals in open-air cages is the beach of “Molodaya дмагаїуа". However, to keep the animals on this stretch of the waters of Odessa Bay is possible only seasonal — 6-8 months of the year. In spring and summer the average number of Escherichia coli in sea water exceed health standards. In the winter, with a significant decrease in air temperature in the waters there are various forms of ice because of the small depths. In periods of inconsistency sea water main sanitary and epidemiological requirements or in periods of reducing of air temperature and ice formations in the waters in the winter, was offered to temporarily transfer marine animals from open-air cages to indoor pool with natural, purified sea water (the combined type of contents of marine animals). Based on results, it was proposed to conduct additional in other parts of the Black sea, outside the Odessa Вау. To determine the most appropriate site for keeping of marine animals in open-air cages and the creation of optimal conditions for their existence and use for the whole year, in particular in interests of Armed forces of Ukraine. In further research it is proposed to take into account such indicators of areas: general ecological condition, depth and bottom structure of the coastal zone, the salinity of the sea water, the frequency and strength of storms, ice formation and etc.