Морфологічні особливості молочної залози корів за лактаційних маститів

Abstract

У статті мова йде про особливості структури і функції молочної залози корів за лактаційних маститів, вплив запальних процесів на якість молока (висока концентрація соматичних клітин, зміни pH та ін.) та безпосередньо на морфо-функціональну структуру самого органу. Наводяться розроблені нами методики використання інформаційно-технічних приладів (тепловізорів та ультразвукових сканерів), а також методика дослідження тканин молочної залози контрольних та дослідних груп тварин на гістологічному рівні.

В статье речь идет об особенностях структуры и функции молочной железы коров с лактационными маститами, влияние воспалительных процессов на качество молока (высокая концентрация соматических клетокЯ, изменения pH и др.). И непосредственно на морфо-функциональную структуру самого органа. Приводятся разработанные нами методики использования информационно-технических приборов (тепловизоров и ультразвуковых сканеров), а также методика исследования тканей молочной железы контрольных и опытных групп животных на гистологическом уровне.

In the article we are talking about the structure and function of the mammary gland, which can be affected by subclinical and clinical forms of mastitis (chain reaction); These pathological processes affect milk (a large number of somatic cells and changes in pH, etc.). The problem is the insufficiently studied nature of the disease, as well as its timely diagnosis and differentiation. We developed computer monitoring of the morphofunctional state of the breast during lactation periods; Methods using information technology devices (thermal imagers, ultrasound scanners, software for visualization, reading and primary evaluation of the udder's endogenous structure). We pay attention to the differentiation and precise definition of the type of inflammation of the mammary gland. In the course of the research work, a new method for diagnosing mastitis of cows-thermographic is introduced, allowing remote detection of pathology, without contact with the animal. Thermographic diagnostics - visualization of color palette, determination of local temperature gradient and reading of color image indicators for computer monitoring. It includes - determination of the temperature gradient - thermoscopy and qualitative standard of the color palette - thermography. In general, with the obstetric-gynecological and clinical method of investigation, this type of diagnosis complements and makes the obtained data wider. The color scale and the temperature indicator help with the subsequent observation of the condition of the organ, with what type of mastitis we are dealing with. Thus, a thermogram of a cow with a normal morphofunctional state is characterized by a uniform distribution of the color gamut without temperature fluctuations. On animals that have catarrhal and purulent mastitis, the thermogram is dominated by "hot" shades of the palette. The temperature gradient shifts sharply to the high temperature region to the right. Serous mastitis is manifested by a significant increase in the local temperature of the mammary gland, reflected in the thermal imager in "hot" colors. The temperature is significantly increased compared to the normal state of the breast. Confirmation of the results of ultrasound and thermographic examination of breast tissue in cows of the lactation period was carried out by histological examination of tissues obtained posthumously in animals. Histological images clearly show the structure of the inflammatory process, which makes it possible to differentiate the type of mastitis: Key words: cow, thermal imager, ultrasound scanner, morphological structure of the breast, pathohistological studies, mammary gland, lactation, diagnostics, thermography, ultrasonography.