Кластерний підхід до розробки стратегії інноваційного розвитку регіонів

Abstract

Розглянуто інноваційну парадигму економічного розвитку як основу формування нового глобального економічного середовища та розвитку інноваційних процесів на рівні окремих регіонів для ефективного використання інноваційного потенціалу суспільства в цілому. Доведено доцільність створення кластерів для стимуляції інновацій завдяки ефективному поєднанню їх структурних особливостей і логіки розвитку з характерними рисами сучасних інноваційних процесів. Запропоновано основні напрями підтримки органами державної влади регіонів для сприяння організаційному розвитку кластерів.

The paradigm of economic development as a basis for the formation of a new global economic environment and the development of innovative processes at the level of individual regions for the effective use of innovative potential of the society as a whole is studied. It is shown that interpenetration and interdependence of national economies at the present stage is accompanied by changes in the main factors and sources of economic growth and increasing competitiveness, which transforms material and material criteria of competition into intangible form. Modern information space is a combination of different sources of knowledge and new management methods, and globalization of the economy and economic systems sharpens the problem of finding partners for the manufacture and promotion of products on both domestic and foreign markets within the designated information space. The necessity to ensure economic growth and competitiveness of the economic system in the short and long term for the creation of competitive regions is considered. The tendency of the society to increase openness of the innovation process and use of "open innovations" is analyzed, where the formation of the "triple helix" of social and economic relations within the region is an indispensable condition for the creation, effective functioning and further development of the regional innovation system. One of the most significant advantages of open innovation is the presence of a much wider array of ideas and technologies that promote the development of domestic innovations. The structure of the subsystems of the innovation system is defined as a highly developed institutional infrastructure capable of ensuring dynamism and continuity of the innovation activity in the production system of the region. It is shown that clusters have a special utility for stimulating innovation process, and, as a result, an effective combination of their structural features and the development logic with the characteristic features of modern innovation processes. Main directions of the support of the regional state authorities for supporting organizational development of clusters are proposed. It is proved that cluster approach is the most effective when taking into account optimal use of regional competitive advantages. Development of innovations is a driving force at the present stage of the existence of two interdependent processes – global integration and clustering of innovation systems.