Суть, причини та фактори виникнення кризових явищ

Abstract

Розкрито суть, причини та фактори виникнення кризових явищ, узагальнено існуючі підходи до розкриття поняття «криза», згруповано основні причини виникнення криз, наведено класифікацію криз соціальноекономічних систем.

In the article information concerning an entity of crisis management and a perspective of crises is systematized and analyzed. Namely: the entity, the reasons and factors of origin of the crisis phenomena are opened, the existing approaches to disclosure of the concept "crisis" are generalized; bunched basic reasons of origin of crises; their classification is given. Classification of crises is of great importance in their recognition and consequently, and successful management of them. Classification signs of real crisis can be considered and as his parameters "prompting" or defining assessment of the situation, development and the choice of optimal administrative solutions. The danger of crisis exists always, even when it is absent. Therefore it is very important to know signs of approach of crisis situations and to reasonably estimate possibilities of their decision. In the articles are allocated: general and local crises. The general cover all social and economic system, local – only a part it. This division of crises according to manifestation scales having conditional character. In the concrete analysis of crisis situations it is necessary to consider limits of social and economic system, its structure and the environment of functioning. In genesis of crisis it is possible to allocate macro- and microcrises. To macrocrisis inherent rather large volumes and scales of problems, microcrisis covers only a separate problem. Besides, it is recommended to carry out group of crises on such signs: on scale degree, on character and structure, on the causes, on the level of transparency and predictability, on controllability degree, on duration of course and on course depth. Based on results of the conducted research of the main lines and characteristics of the concept "crisis", synthesis of modern approaches to disclosure of its essence, a conclusion according to which it is recommended to fullest to consider such definition of a definition of crisis management is formulated: "Crisis management is a management which definitely provides danger of crisis, providing the analysis of its symptoms, actions for depression of negative consequences of crisis and use of its factors for further development". At such understanding of an essence the main function of crisis management has defined ensuring normal trouble-free operation of the enterprise in the conditions of a high measure of uncertainty and risk according to the accepted business strategy by realization of necessary organizational and economic changes, expedient to carrying out in a concrete situation.