Сучасний досвід, проблеми та перспективи розвитку молодіжного підприємництва в Україні

Abstract

Розглянуто специфіку молодіжного підприємництва в Україні з виділенням позитивних досягнень і наявних труднощів. Визначено характер участі молоді України в бізнесі, проаналізовано проблеми молоді, що виникають на ринку праці, розглянуто тенденції зміни рівня зайнятості та рівня безробіття молоді Україні. Установлено основні напрями здійснення позитивних зрушень у подоланні проблем становлення молодіжного підприємництва в Україні, його активізації та розвитку, виходячи з передового досвіду ведення бізнесу всередині й між країнами Східного партнерства та Європейського Союзу в межах транснаціонального співробітництва між освітою, наукою та бізнесом.

Youth entrepreneurship in Ukraine needs acceleration of the positive changes which should be implemented through immediate effective economic, social and institutional interventions. Identifying the realities and difficulties as well as needs of young people in starting up and running a business is one of the challenges of formulating constructive recommendations for creating favorable environment for youth entrepreneurship which should be solved. The purpose of the research paper is analyzing of the current situation of youth entrepreneurship in Ukraine and determining the means of its support, encouragement and increase of potential on the base of the opportunities of academic and scientific community of higher education institutions teachers. The specific problems of young people in the labor market which are conditioned by national peculiarities are the crisis in the economy and the reduction of job offers in connection with the closure of enterprises; increase of the share of enterprises of private owners with strict hiring requirements; fairly high level of education and ambitious expectations of employment (content, nature and working conditions, prestige, earnings); low adaptability and vulnerability to the impact of the surrounding economic and social environment; low salary for young people; insufficient level of skills and work experience; distribution of informal employment, etc. Youth entrepreneurship in Ukraine is source for solving not only youth problems, but also social and economic state problems, which necessitates the expansion of its capabilities and use of existing potential. At present, Ukraine is characterized by slow rate of entrepreneurship development among young people because of administrative, legal, financial, organizational problems: lack of comprehensive methodological, informational, financial and credit, investment, production and marketing, educational support, system analysis and support at the state, regional and local levels. Significant positive changes can be achieved by the development of youth entrepreneurship in the context of the formation of entrepreneurial abilities among youth aged from 14 to 24 years through the system of informal training courses and development of non-standard thinking. In the training process, young people get the necessary economic knowledge, but the education system does not form the incentives and behavioral competencies which are necessary for successful entrepreneurship, therefore, it is necessary to adopt experience of developed countries and create conditions for youth self-employment.