Проблеми та перспективи логістики на українському ринку зерна

Abstract

Єфанов В.А. Проблеми та перспективи логістики на українському ринку зерна. Розглянуто специфіку процесів логістики на національному зерновому ринку в відповідності до реалій розвитку економіки України в сучасних умовах. Оцінено роль логістики в забезпеченні ефективності діяльності сільськогосподарських підприємств на ринку зерна. Визначено основні проблемні моменти формування логістики при зберіганні та перевезенні продукції в умовах української транспортної системи. Оцінено основні особливості використання різних видів транспортування зерна. Визначено можливі варіанти формування логістичних ланцюгів з позиції можливостей перевезення.

Ефанов В.А. Проблемы и перспективы логистики на украинском рынке зерна. Рассмотрена специфика процессов логистики на национальном зерновом рынке в соответствии с реалиями развития экономики Украины в современных условиях. Оценена роль логистики в обеспечении эффективности деятельности сельскохозяйственных предприятий на рынке зерна. Определены основные проблемные моменты формирования логистики при хранении и перевозке продукции в условиях украинской транспортной системы. Оценены основные особенности использования различных видов транспортировки зерна. Определены возможные варианты формирования логистических цепей с позиции возможностей перевозки.

Yefanov V.A. Problems and prospects of logistics Ukrainian grain market. The specificity of logistics processes at the national grain market in accordance with the realities of the economic development of Ukraine in modern conditions. Considering the logistics of grain, as an important component of transport system of Ukraine, as well as a Factor of growth of profitability of the agricultural sector, we note that it requires a significant improvement in the organizational aspect and in the aspects of efficiency and competitiveness. The specificity for grain exports is a significant degree of monopolization of the market, five major exporters (HPZKU, Kernel, Nybulon, Kargill, Ukrlendfarmynh) realize more than 50% of grain, almost defining logistics culture, how to export grain and basic conditions .With the current situation is not easy in the Ukrainian economy logistics, as instruments of the grain market, encounters a number of problems with the formation of logistics chains selling goods from producer to consumer. Logistical problems for grain farmers begin from the export of grain produced from the field. Storage of grain, its quality and dry cleaning stumble upon the lack of elevator capacity. In total the country has about 790 elevators, the quality of which meets the certification requirements, but their capacity is about 33.5 million tons. Needed 60 mln. T. As Result- instead of a uniform distribution of products in different months for sales, a significant number of grain producers forced to sell the crop from the field, despite the pricing environment, leading to a significant shortfall in revenue. A specific factor in the formation of logistics and equipment is a continuing need to consider not correspondence between production volume and capacity of transport communications.The process of transporting goods to the consumer in the Ukrainian version acquires special features that affect the national logistics market grain. Given that the market is influenced by seasonality, the placement and distribution of grain grown since its direct sales to profits ahropidpryyemtsiv forms. This limited offer trasportnoyi logistics already in 2017 led to a number of problems marketing. Thus, in the 2016-2017 marketing year arising from export barriers for export of about 7 mln. Tons of grain as a result because of logistical problems, and first of all - in the area of road transport and transport difficulties. During sales continue to have a problem as highways, lack of grain wagons, low quality and not the sufficiency of space elevator and storage capacity, persistent problems arising during the port that creates a negative image Ukrainian sellers exporters in the world market. So logistics activities on Ukrainian grain market faces a number of problems of storage of products, the quality of transportation, but even taking into account these problems exports growing grain sales profitability remains high. In the future logistics Grain requires new approaches in sales on the foreign and domestic markets, based on the need to upgrade transport infrastructure and collective cooperation of manufacturers and sellers of grain.