Міжнародний трансфер технологій як фактор інноваційного розвитку економіки України

Abstract

Визначено суть понять «технологія», «інновація», «міжнародний трансфер технологій» на основі узагальнення існуючих підходів на національному та світовому рівнях. Обґрунтовано двосторонню спрямованість міжнародного трансферу технологій як характерну рису інноваційного розвитку країн світу. З урахуванням зарубіжного досвіду у сфері міжнародного трансферу технологій оптимізовано модель інноваційно-технологічного розвитку України відповідно до сучасних реалій.

The purpose of the article is the determination of the essence of international transfer of technologies and forming the mechanism of its use in the course of innovative development of Ukraine economy under tekhnoglobalizm. The essence of the concepts "technology", "innovation" as a factor of innovative development of national economies is determined. Based on the generalization of the existing approaches on national and world levels, author's definition of "international transfer of technologies" as the system of international activities directed to forming the conditions for a cross-border cession of property on knowledge of the organization of activities of creation of an innovative product in case of active interaction of developers and their potential buyers on a paid and free basis is offered. Complete process of international transfer of technologies is based on goods lifecycle. Bilateral orientation of international transfer of technologies as a characteristic feature of innovative development of the countries of the world is defined. The problems of innovative development of Ukraine are characterized. The directions of enhancement of the mechanism of using international transfer of technologies in Ukraine are presented. Taking into account foreign experience in the sphere of international transfer of technologies, the model of innovative technology development of Ukraine in compliance to modern realities is optimized. The main strategic directions of forming external economic policy on the basis of application of international transfer of technologies in Ukraine are determined, including activization of borrowing new technologies in a traitsionny industry of domestic export and to the spheres connected with technological upgrade of economy and implementation of energy-saving and green technologies; stimulation of export of knowledge-intensive products and licenses; restriction of import of "undesirable" technologies with the offer of mechanism for their examination; tough state control over technology transfer transactions abroad on the basis of a detailed regulation of its order, content and registration; stimulation and support of technological clusterization of economy with familiarizing of domestic enterprises in transnational research and production networks.