Сучасний стан та особливості розвитку ринку туристичних послуг України в умовах національної економіки

Abstract

Проаналізовано стан розвитку туристичного ринку в Україні. Показано вплив туристичного сектору на економіку країни, з якого видно, що Україна має всі передумови для інтенсивного розвитку внутрішнього й іноземного туризму. Проаналізовані дані Державної служби статистики свідчать, що економічний внесок туристичної галузі загалом є недостатнім, оскільки у 2015 р. прямий внесок туристичної галузі становив 1,4% ВВП України.

The article analyzes the state of the tourist market development in Ukraine. Influence of the tourist sector on the economy of the country is shown, from which it is evident that Ukraine has all the prerequisites for intensive development of domestic and foreign tourism: features of geographical location and relief, favorable climate, richness of natural, historical, cultural, tourist and recreational potential. However, unfortunately, on the background of the world tourism, which is gaining power at a fantastically fast pace, Ukraine looks rather modest. According to the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, the number of tourists who visited Ukraine in 2014–2015 has decreased by 90%. In 2015, 15,159 foreign tourists visited Ukraine and 1,770 people in 2014. By comparison, in 2013 more than 232 thousand foreign guests arrived in Ukraine. At this time, the number of Ukrainian citizens who traveled abroad in 2015 increased by 72.4% (9719326 people in comparison with 2000). Today Ukrainian citizens are original investors of foreign countries, which is one of the most painful issues of the entire tourist industry of Ukraine. The article analyzes the data of the World Tourism Organization, concerning the contribution of the tourism industry of Ukraine to GDP. During the analyzed period, the largest increase in the direct contribution of the tourist industry to GDP and indirectly was recorded in 2004 in relation to 2003, which was 50,5% and 45,85% respectively. The most significant decrease occurred in 2014, when the indirect contribution of the tourism industry to GDP decreased by UAH 60,7 billion. (30,98%), direct contribution of tourism industry to GDP – by 17,4 billion UAH (33,07%). In Ukraine, tourism accounts for about 1–2% of gross national product (in the European countries – about 10%), the share of exports of travel services in the structure of exports of goods and services in Ukraine is 0,7% (in the European countries – 30%) According to the World Tourism Organization UNWTO, Ukraine's share in tourist flows in Europe is about 4% and about 0.9% in European revenues from tourism activities. According to the world ranking of the total tourism contribution to GDP of Ukraine, our country in 2014 has occupied only 64th place (in 2013 – 53rd place) among 184 countries of the world. The data of the State Statistics Service are analyzed. Thus, the number of Ukrainian citizens who traveled abroad in 2015 increased by 72,4% (9719326) in comparison with 2000, the number of foreign citizens who visited Ukraine increased by 93,2%. According to the projected estimates by 2025, the direct number of the employed in the tourist industry in Ukraine will decrease by 3.2% and will amount to 332,2 thousand people – 1,6% of the total number of employed population. According to the WTTC and UNWTO forecasts, in the period 2015–2025, the total number of employed people in the global tourism industry will increase by 28,9% to reach 356,9 million people, while the total contribution of the tourism industry to world GDP will increase by 44,7% and will amount to 11381,9 billion dollars USA.