Оцінка інвестиційної привабливості країн світу в умовах глобалізації

Abstract

Виділено зовнішні фактори, що впливають на інвестиційну привабливість країн в умовах глобалізації. Проведено аналіз стану та руху прямих іноземних інвестицій (ПІІ) під впливом глобальних трансформаційних зрушень. Розроблено та апробовано інтегральний індекс інвестиційної привабливості країн, який дозволяє обрати раціональне рішення щодо інвестиційної привабливості країни-реципієнта в умовах глобалізації.

The purpose of the article is to study international investment process in the countries of the world and to develop integrated assessment of the investment attractiveness of the countries in the context of global transformations. The characteristic of "investment attractiveness of the country" is given. External factors influencing investment attractiveness of the countries in the conditions of globalization are highlighted. The state and movement of foreign direct investment (FDI) was analyze dander the influence of global transformational changes of international investment markets. The periods of FDI inflow redistribution between the developed, developing countries and transition economies are studied. The US leaderships noted in attracting foreign capital. The increase of foreign investment volumes to the economies of Europe and Asia as a result of changing the paradigm of investment processes in the world is determined. With the preservation of the developed countries leadership in the investment development, the geography of FDIhas changed considerably in favor of the developing countries. The countries’ investment attractiveness is assessed by calculating the UNCTAD index for the three groups of countries with the largest FDIinflow. According to the results of the index calculation, three categories of countries are determined according to the state of their investment attractiveness: countries with high investment attractiveness index; investment-attractive countries, sensitive to crisis phenomena (including Ukraine); countries with less investment-attractive markets. A multi-factor econometric model "FDI – investment attractiveness" was constructed for measuring significant factors of influence, due to which inflow of foreign investments takes place. The integral index of the investment attractiveness of the countries is developed. It allows choosing a rational variant of the decision concerning investment attractiveness of the recipient country. Approbation of the integral index of the investment attractiveness on the impact of indicators of socioeconomic development on the investment attractiveness of countries.