Вплив державного регулювання інвестицій у людський капітал на формування економіки знань

Abstract

Розглянуто теоретичні підходи до з’ясування впливу державного регулювання інвестицій у людський капітал на формування економіки знань. Обґрунтовано основні напрями державної політики у сфері економіки знань. Запропоновано заходи зі створення необхідних умов для збільшення інвестицій у розвиток людського потенціалу та формування людського капіталу.

The article reflects the importance of the influence of state regulation of investments in human capital on the formation of the knowledge economy, substantiates the main directions of state policy in the sphere of the knowledge economy. The analysis of researches and publications of leading economists on the development of human capital, the need to invest in it all business entities, the constant support of the state. The authors noted that the role of innovative technologies has grown qualitatively over the past decade, and therefore the need to expand the range of opportunities and deep structuring of the science-intensive component of the nation's potential has become one of the main requirements in the formation of the state economy. Science and education are not only the determining factors of its effective development, but also a guarantee of the intelligibility and education of society as a whole. The authors drew attention to the fact that today the role of the state in the formation of human capital is quite high. The state applies both compulsory and incentive measures in this area. Compulsory education is compulsory for all in the volume of secondary school, mandatory medical preventive measures. However, the main measures are incentives. The government has two active methods that are used to change the size of private investment in a person, made automatically through the market. They can affect the incomes of those who work, and can also regulate the price of acquiring human capital. The criteria and indicators for assessing the effectiveness of investment in human capital are singled out: maximization of the difference between profit and costs; payback period of investments; net present value; cost-benefit ratio; the ratio of the marginal revenue difference to the marginal cost difference; annual net income; internal rate of return. Measures have been proposed to create the necessary conditions for increasing investment in human development and human capital formation. The conclusion is drawn that in order to achieve the goal of the country's transition to an innovative development path, it is necessary to achieve an increase in the innovative activity of the national industry, to adapt the research complex to the conditions of the market economy, and to strengthen the interaction of the public and private sectors. The solution of these problems depends on the development of effective scientific, technical, innovation and industrial policies.